Khái Niệm FMEA Là Gì? Công Cụ Phân Tích Lỗi Hiệu Quả
Trong ngành sản xuất hiện đại, việc kiểm soát chất lượng và giảm thiểu rủi ro là yếu tố sống còn để đảm bảo uy tín và hiệu quả hoạt động của doanh nghiệp. Một trong những công cụ quản lý chất lượng được ứng dụng rộng rãi chính là FMEA. Vậy FMEA là gì? Làm thế nào để triển khai FMEA trong sản xuất? Hãy cùng khám phá chi tiết qua bài viết này.
I. Khái Niệm FMEA Là Gì?
FMEA, viết tắt của Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (Phân tích các dạng lỗi và ảnh hưởng), là một phương pháp quản lý rủi ro được sử dụng để nhận diện và phòng ngừa các lỗi tiềm ẩn trong thiết kế sản phẩm hoặc quy trình sản xuất. Khái niệm này được xây dựng dựa trên 4 thành tố chính:
Failure (Sai hỏng): Chỉ những lỗi tiềm ẩn có thể xảy ra trong tương lai, không phải lỗi đã xảy ra. Ví dụ, một chi tiết máy có thể bị mài mòn sau thời gian dài sử dụng.
Mode (Cách thức): Là nguyên nhân hoặc cơ chế dẫn đến sai hỏng. Chẳng hạn, việc thiết kế sai dung sai có thể khiến sản phẩm không hoạt động đúng.
Effects (Ảnh hưởng): Hậu quả của sai hỏng đối với sản phẩm hoặc quy trình. Ví dụ, một lỗi trong bao bì có thể làm hỏng sản phẩm bên trong.
Analysis (Phân tích): Quá trình phân tích nguyên nhân, mức độ nghiêm trọng và cách khắc phục các sai hỏng tiềm ẩn.
FMEA không phải là giải pháp thay thế cho hệ thống quản trị sản xuất, mà là công cụ hỗ trợ để nâng cao chất lượng thông qua việc phát hiện và giảm thiểu rủi ro trước khi chúng xảy ra.
II. Phân Loại FMEA Trong Sản Xuất
FMEA được chia thành hai loại chính, mỗi loại tập trung vào một khía cạnh cụ thể trong sản xuất:
1. FMEA Thiết Kế (DFMEA)
FMEA Thiết kế (Design FMEA – DFMEA) tập trung vào việc tối ưu hóa độ tin cậy của sản phẩm ngay từ giai đoạn thiết kế. Mục tiêu là phát hiện các lỗi tiềm ẩn liên quan đến:
Thuộc tính vật liệu: Ví dụ, vật liệu không đủ bền để chịu tải.
Hình dáng và dung sai: Sai lệch kích thước có thể làm sản phẩm không lắp ráp được.
Tương tác hệ thống: Các bộ phận không hoạt động đồng bộ.
Yếu tố môi trường: Sản phẩm bị ảnh hưởng bởi nhiệt độ, độ ẩm.
DFMEA giúp đảm bảo sản phẩm đạt tiêu chuẩn chất lượng trước khi đưa vào sản xuất hàng loạt.
2. FMEA Quy Trình (PFMEA)
FMEA Quy trình (Process FMEA – PFMEA) tập trung vào việc cải thiện hiệu suất của quy trình sản xuất. Các yếu tố được xem xét bao gồm:
Yếu tố con người: Lỗi do nhân viên vận hành không đúng quy trình.
Máy móc và công cụ: Thiết bị hỏng hóc hoặc không được bảo trì.
Phương pháp sản xuất: Quy trình không tối ưu dẫn đến sai sót.
Hệ thống đo lường: Sai lệch trong kiểm tra chất lượng.
PFMEA giúp giảm thiểu rủi ro trong sản xuất, từ đó nâng cao chất lượng sản phẩm và giảm tỷ lệ lỗi.
III. Tại Sao Doanh Nghiệp Cần Áp Dụng FMEA?
1. Lợi Ích Của FMEA Trong Sản Xuất
Việc áp dụng FMEA mang lại nhiều lợi ích thiết thực cho doanh nghiệp:
Phát hiện lỗi sớm: FMEA giúp nhận diện các lỗi tiềm ẩn ngay từ giai đoạn thiết kế hoặc trước khi sản xuất, giảm thiểu chi phí khắc phục sau này.
Giảm chi phí sản xuất: Phát hiện lỗi sớm giúp tránh lãng phí nguyên vật liệu và thời gian.
Nâng cao chất lượng sản phẩm: Loại bỏ các lỗi tiềm ẩn giúp sản phẩm đạt tiêu chuẩn cao hơn, tăng sự hài lòng của khách hàng.
Tăng uy tín doanh nghiệp: Sản phẩm chất lượng cao giúp xây dựng niềm tin với khách hàng, tránh các vấn đề pháp lý hoặc bồi thường.
Cải thiện quy trình: FMEA cung cấp cơ sở dữ liệu để tối ưu hóa quy trình, giảm thiểu rủi ro trong tương lai.
2. Hạn Chế Của FMEA
Mặc dù hiệu quả, FMEA cũng có một số hạn chế:
Phụ thuộc vào đội ngũ thực hiện: Hiệu quả của FMEA phụ thuộc lớn vào kinh nghiệm và sự phối hợp của nhóm thực hiện.
Tốn thời gian ban đầu: Quá trình phân tích FMEA đòi hỏi thời gian và công sức để thu thập dữ liệu, đánh giá và triển khai.
Không bao quát toàn bộ rủi ro: FMEA tập trung vào các lỗi tiềm ẩn, nhưng không thể dự đoán được các rủi ro bất ngờ từ yếu tố bên ngoài.
IV. Khi Nào Doanh Nghiệp Nên Thực Hiện FMEA?
FMEA nên được triển khai trong các trường hợp sau:
Khi thiết kế sản phẩm hoặc quy trình mới.
Khi cải tiến sản phẩm hoặc quy trình hiện tại.
Khi nhận được phản hồi tiêu cực từ khách hàng hoặc nhân viên về chất lượng.
Khi phát hiện sản phẩm lỗi trong quá trình sản xuất.
Khi muốn nâng cao tiêu chuẩn chất lượng để đáp ứng yêu cầu thị trường.
V. Cách Triển Khai FMEA Trong Sản Xuất
Bước 1: Chuẩn Bị Trước Khi Thực Hiện
Để triển khai FMEA hiệu quả, doanh nghiệp cần chuẩn bị kỹ lưỡng:
Thu thập thông tin về sản phẩm và quy trình: Bao gồm bản vẽ thiết kế, thông số kỹ thuật, quy trình sản xuất.
Xác định phạm vi phân tích: Tập trung vào sản phẩm hoặc quy trình cụ thể.
Thành lập đội ngũ FMEA: Gồm các thành viên từ các phòng ban như thiết kế, sản xuất, chất lượng.
Bước 2: Xác Định Chức Năng Và Yêu Cầu
Liệt kê tất cả các chức năng của sản phẩm hoặc quy trình, kèm theo yêu cầu cụ thể. Ví dụ, chức năng của một chi tiết máy là “truyền động trơn tru”, yêu cầu là “không rung lắc khi hoạt động”.
Bước 3: Liệt Kê Các Kiểu Lỗi Tiềm Ẩn
Xác định các kiểu lỗi có thể xảy ra với từng chức năng. Ví dụ:
Chi tiết máy bị mài mòn dẫn đến rung lắc.
Lỗi lắp ráp khiến chi tiết không khớp.
Bước 4: Đánh Giá Ảnh Hưởng Của Lỗi
Xác định hậu quả của từng lỗi:
Rung lắc có thể làm hỏng máy móc.
Lỗi lắp ráp gây chậm tiến độ sản xuất.
Bước 5: Xếp Hạng Mức Độ Nghiêm Trọng
Đánh giá mức độ nghiêm trọng của lỗi trên thang điểm từ 1 đến 10:
1-3: Ảnh hưởng nhẹ, không đáng kể.
4-6: Ảnh hưởng trung bình, cần theo dõi.
7-10: Ảnh hưởng nghiêm trọng, cần khắc phục ngay.
Ví dụ, rung lắc làm hỏng máy móc có thể được xếp hạng 8.
Bước 6: Xác Định Nguyên Nhân Và Xếp Hạng Tần Suất
Tìm nguyên nhân gốc rễ của lỗi và đánh giá tần suất xảy ra:
Nguyên nhân: Thiết kế sai dung sai.
Tần suất: Xếp hạng 6 (xác suất trung bình cao).
Bước 7: Đánh Giá Khả Năng Phát Hiện
Xác định khả năng phát hiện lỗi trước khi xảy ra:
Nếu kiểm tra định kỳ có thể phát hiện, xếp hạng 3 (dễ phát hiện).
Nếu không có biện pháp kiểm soát, xếp hạng 8 (khó phát hiện).
Bước 8: Tính Hệ Số Rủi Ro RPN
Hệ số rủi ro RPN được tính bằng công thức: RPN = Mức độ nghiêm trọng x Tần suất xảy ra x Khả năng phát hiện. Ví dụ: 8 (nghiêm trọng) x 6 (tần suất) x 3 (phát hiện) = 144.
Các lỗi có RPN cao sẽ được ưu tiên khắc phục.
Bước 9: Đề Xuất Và Thực Hiện Hành Động Khắc Phục
Đưa ra các giải pháp cụ thể:
Điều chỉnh dung sai thiết kế.
Tăng cường kiểm tra chất lượng định kỳ.
Bước 10: Đánh Giá Lại Sau Khi Khắc Phục
Sau khi áp dụng giải pháp, đánh giá lại RPN để xem rủi ro đã giảm hay chưa. Nếu RPN vẫn cao, cần tiếp tục cải tiến.
VI. Tăng Hiệu Quả FMEA Với Hệ Thống MES SmartTrack
Để triển khai FMEA hiệu quả hơn, doanh nghiệp có thể tích hợp với các giải pháp công nghệ hiện đại như hệ thống giám sát sản xuất MES SmartTrack của công ty phần mềm Vietsoft. MES SmartTrack hỗ trợ thu thập dữ liệu sản xuất theo thời gian thực, giúp doanh nghiệp dễ dàng phát hiện các lỗi tiềm ẩn và theo dõi hiệu quả của các biện pháp khắc phục. Bạn muốn tìm hiểu thêm về cách MES SmartTrack tối ưu hóa quy trình quản lý sản xuất? Xin vui lòng tham khảo giải pháp Hệ thống giám sát sản xuất MES SmartTrack tại đây
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VII. Kết Luận
FMEA là một công cụ mạnh mẽ giúp doanh nghiệp phát hiện và phòng ngừa rủi ro trong sản xuất. Việc áp dụng FMEA không chỉ nâng cao chất lượng sản phẩm mà còn giảm chi phí và tăng uy tín thương hiệu. Bằng cách triển khai FMEA một cách bài bản và kết hợp với các giải pháp công nghệ như MES SmartTrack, doanh nghiệp có thể tối ưu hóa quy trình sản xuất một cách hiệu quả nhất. Bạn đã sẵn sàng áp dụng FMEA vào doanh nghiệp của mình chưa?
That s why my husband taught a student like me who forgets his ancestors and forgets his roots. Well, he also deceives his teacher. Destroy the ancestors.The young Taoist who was already incoherent lowered his head, but he just stopped crying, Little girl, please be compassionate, Let Pindao go, okay Pindao will help you find a place with beautiful mountains and clear waters when you come back.
Two groups belong to the big dogs. They are stupid and have a lot of money. They don t look like each other at first glance. You can come and go in a hurry.It could definitely be found in The secular dynasty can be sold at a high price, but it will not make the monks jealous.
why do you have to act out of emotion Liu Baqiao opened a section of bamboo tube, revealing a snow white rice ball, and said happily Chen Ping an is still kind and he is worthy of being my good brother.Chen Ping an said I plan to buy Zhenzhu Mountain and Luolu Mountain. Ruan Qiong was stunned and asked curiously Zhenzhu Mountain is nothing more than a Spring Festival coin.
The sword hovered half a foot above the ground. Above the sword, a heroic girl in dark green robes, her feet also hovered above the flying sword.That jade hairpin But Mr. Qi himself and Ning Yao both said that this hairpin was made of ordinary material and was just an ordinary hairpin used to tie hair.
He tried to force a smile and said intermittently The woman said I won t hand it over. Baojia, she can kill you.
She also said that anyway, she came to our town as a mother and her son, and one of them was expelled.The young man stood up quickly, took a stool from the table and put it on Next to the bed, he quickly ran to a corner of the wall.
Ning Yao thought for a while, This person behind me Guys, I definitely want to see Liu Xianyang when I open my first eyes, so I ll go to Master Ruan.Chen Pingan thought, this is really the truth. I once heard a saying from Song Jixin, which is similar to Miss Ning s read a hundred times , which means reading more than ten thousand volumes and writing like a master.
Although the king has a very bad opinion of their descendants, the two families are not like Dali s. I have to recognize the love of incense and fire even if I hold my nose.She turned around and said Open it yourself first and then Decide whether you want to let me know or not.
Ning Yao once explained the saying, A gentleman s words and thoughts are as warm as jade. Gentleman. Although Chen Pingan has never read a book, he still feels that this word must be a very important title.It was the first time we met. The girl pondered for a long time before she said She may not be the kind of person who kills innocent people indiscriminately.
People in small places, even if they are short sighted, can t be judged by their level of cultivation.The box is so dirty It is truly an unpardonable crime, and there is no escape from death Song Jixin began to worry about the fate of the four legged snake, and asked tentatively Isn t that idiot.
killed by you Zhigui shook his head, No, let s keep it alive for the time being, and settle the accounts with it later when we get to the capital.
After the two of them walked out of the threshold, the straw shoe boy He raised his head and said slowly I know you are not ordinary people.At this moment, Chen Pingan squatted and lowered his head, and found that the wooden figure was very strange.
The man in a bamboo hat raised his eyebrows. Hey, it seems that you are in a really good mood, and you can even joke around.She saw that familiar figure, wearing a pair of straw sandals, with an expressionless face. The two of them passed each other in an instant. The girl wanted to say something, but she couldn t.
The child lowered his head and wiped away the tears and snot from his nose with the back of his hand.The old man stopped paying attention to the girl, turned back and looked at the young man. The old man was lost in thought. Finally, the old man curled his lips, sighed, and tapped Chen Pingan s shoulder a little, and his arms and legs twice with his old cigarette stick.
If her parents saw or heard this, Chen Pingan would probably have both of her legs broken, and she would still be unjust.The boy opposite him suddenly blushed and muttered, because he knew in his heart He knew that he was winning more and more times.
She asked with a smile, Why, are you drinking with the white eyed wolf named Song Zhao Yao said helplessly.The man walked up the steps first and said slowly If you ask me, why do the saints of three thousand years want to do this Tulong, I can t answer you.
Chen Pingan, carrying a basket on his back, stood under the eaves of the house where Ning Yao temporarily lived, pursing his lips.At most, it only consumes Having more time and buying more medicinal materials is nothing more than a matter of spending money.
Anyway, he would not be able to lift him a few times. Drop a piece of meat. But something happened that made the child roll his eyes again and again.Zhu He was about to burn the yellow talisman given by the ancestor of the Li family in his hand, when he was suddenly startled.
He ran straight towards the old locust tree, jumped up, and stepped up on the trunk of the tree. After four steps, there were no signs of falling. However, at that time, the strong young man had reached out enough to grab a branch of the locust tree.I made up my mind to teach this seemingly honest but cunning village bastard a lesson even if I lose some of my strength.
The reason why the three groups of people, including Gao Zhen, all carry retinues is also It is precisely because of this that we have made the worst preparations in order to be introduced as a scapegoat at a critical moment.He did not want to annoy everyone because of his improper response in this matter. The fierce dragon crossing the river. So after carefully considering his words, the old man put down the ice cracked water moistened tea cup in his hand and said slowly Ms.
Of course, I do not deny that I also have the responsibility of supervising them not to be abducted by outsiders, such as the Great Sui Dynasty.From that day on, Chen Pingan became an orphan. It s just that he changed from a child to a teenager.
A large black cloud floated over the town. From north to south. The straw shoe boy who had just walked out of Fulu Street was also looking up.Qi Jingchun turned his head slightly and stared down at the arm that was riddled with holes, already covered with Taoist masters The supreme prophecy written by the saint is a good way to do justice for heaven.
Want to be my master It also depends on whether you have the ability.The shouts of Lan Yuanzhou and Yuanying Zhenjun attracted everyone s attention.
Yuanying Zhenjun and Jindan Daoist are completely different concepts, the gap in strength is too huge, especially Shaonan s current meridian does not allow fierce fighting, especially so.It can be said that the biggest problem between Xie De and Lan Yin is Shao Nan.
The four of Lan Yin knew something about Lingshan, but Lan Yin and the others did not really believe in such a miraculous cooking secret as Shao Nan said.After all, the two have to communicate in the future.
But the monks who have actually seen the five spirits and phoenix fire are rare.The location that Shao Nan and Gu Yueyou agreed upon was not on the coastline closest to Desang City, but a location further east.
Some of them were formed by formations, and some were formed by disciples of the Dao Natural Sect.When the time comes, things will change and people will change, what will happen is really hard to predict.
The reason why he went crazy was not entirely because he lost to Shao Nan again.Zihong Shinichi was the most careful, expressing the doubts in his heart.
When Lan Yin and the others saw Shao Nan, they were also surprised.If it takes too long, changes can really occur.Perhaps feeling the worry in Shao Nan s heart, the Qicai Lanlong Sword s attack suddenly became mighty, and the nine flying swords chopped up the three dark blue thunderstorms like chopping melons and vegetables.
However, for the development of Shenmeng Restaurant, all of this should be worth it.Must get out of here as soon as possible.Shao Nan and the others did not return directly to the Sacred Fire Glazed Tile School.
Unexpectedly, there is even Zhenjun Yuanying in this square city.Liang Daoyou s formation skills are really good.If it were me, I probably wouldn t be able to break through it in a month.
When he saw the white light, he couldn t even see Gu Yueyou.If we don t arrange it, it will be a trivial matter for this small shop to be destroyed.
It is estimated that as long as Xiaocao er removes the protective cover, she will definitely become a part of the magma in no time.Chongri Shinichi and the others couldn t get into the eyes of the behemoth at all, obviously the Jiuli Sword Master was not at the same level as them.
However, there are a few people that Qiankunzong Huixu specially emphasized.This situation, at least in the history of the Sacred Fire Glazed Tile School that Lan Yin knew, had never happened before.
Shao Nan filled a pot of chrysanthemum tea again and threw it towards Lan Yin.Just staring at the four of them quietly.Okay, let s talk about what s going on.
Noisy Shao Nan swung his right hand lightly, sending Nangong Chuang flying.Now that the two masters are gone, even though the sect still has a late stage Jindan master in charge, they are still a bit worse than Qiu Bai, let alone Shao Nan.
Ju Fengxi gave Lan Yuanzhou a kick from behind.What achievements you will have in the future cannot be determined by such a test.It was definitely a stroke of luck.Not only did he find the beginning of the metal world, but also a piece of the beginning of the world with undeveloped spiritual wisdom, otherwise Shao Nan would have died long ago.
Otherwise, why would I wake you up first Xiaocao er shouted angrily.Ordinary monsters in the sea sensed You Zhixin s breath, and they would take the initiative to leave.
Although the battle has not yet started, these points alone show that the strength of the two is definitely not bad.Lan Yin sighed, whoever was able to challenge here would not give up.
Every beautiful woman is a life.The magic weapon of Xie Luo has destroyed many girls.The initial attack was very smooth, but as the elders on duty of the Bibo Huanyue Clan restrained Wuxiang Shinichi, the situation became bad.
Unexpectedly, Shao Nan had just established the foundation when he set off, and now it is already in the middle stage of Jindan before the letter is delivered.The person next to him is also at the seventh level of Qi Refining The monk obviously didn t quite believe it.
To say the most shocking.Nothing is better than Jiang Yingxun of the Flower Butterfly Sect and Tang of the Shadowless Piercing Sect.Is it really necessary However, it was precisely because of Shao Nan s move that it reduced the attention of several other people to him.
Of course, Fan Tianyou was very concerned about the performance of his biggest opponent, Shao Nan.However, the materials needed for two cooking secrets can be obtained.
If not.It can only be determined as a last resort.Not only can you understand the real situation of the Bibo Huanyue Clan, but you can also experience the illusion of the Bibo Huanyue Clan and supplement what you have learned.
What exactly is the Sacred Fire Glazed Tile School planning There are 108 sects in the Colorful Continent, 800 side sects, 3,000 heretic sects, and countless unpopular sects.
Feng Wencai was so stunned by Chu Han that he couldn t answer, and was scolded by everyone so that his face turned red.Chu Han glanced at the boss gratefully, and let Niuniu sit on the small stool.
The boy reads for a while and presses his stomach, then picks up an old thermos cup A little water, obviously hungry, but there is nothing to eat, so I can only drink water to satisfy my hunger.Lin Yiyi snuggled into his arms, thinking of what to say Sister in law s temperament seems to have changed a lot, and she is quite kind to me.
Although the young lady of the Chu family is an adopted son and daughter in law, she loves her very much and treats her as a married woman.I m sorry, this little beggar has such a miserable life, even if she doesn t kill him, he won t live long, so it s better to give him a ride, let him die early and reincarnate, and he will be grateful to her if he has a good birth in the next life.
Yes, you are still so young, you should take care of your body.Do you want to learn how to deal with government affairs together Chu Ling asked, pointing to the younger sister who was on the small boat in the pond, slapping her hands and watching Nie Qi pick the lotus.
Your adoptive parents kindly left me behind.I m very grateful.Because the alley is old and narrow, no one would pass by it, and it gradually became quiet.
He was puzzled, How did the host know that Wei Guo first started the war Chu Han held a small flag in his hand, looked at Looking at the map of the world made of fine soil in front of him, he said without any haste Wei has the strongest army, is arrogant, and is the country that most wants to rule the world.
Zhou Chen staggered a few steps before stabilizing his body, glaring at Chu Han, Do you know who I am How dare you do anything to me Zhou Chen The family has been rooted in City A for hundreds of years, and has always been a legend in the business world.The man stopped immediately, Zixuan, don t be rude.
Why did he do this I have never objected to him accepting concubines and concubines as concubines, why does he keep a concubine outside Maybe, maybe His Highness has some difficulties, empress must not be too angry, wait until everything is clear.Zhou have an appointment Our Mr.Chu is very busy.If we don t have an appointment, I m afraid we won t be able to see you.
Where is your conscience It s a good thing that I pleaded with my father to protect your position as prince, so that you, a sinner, can be king in one side.I beg the emperor to forgive her , spare her the death penalty.
In desperation, I looked for a famous doctor for my father.Niuniu nodded obediently.Chu Han opened the bag he was carrying with him, took out the potion for bruises, and gently applied it to her wound.
Wangjiang Tower.Master, you are back, and a distinguished guest is visiting.I thought Zhou Yunqing would continue to slander Chu Han, but she changed the subject and praised Chu Ming again, But the second son of the Chu family is a good man.
If this poisonous woman gave birth to a child and became the emperor in the future, wouldn t the Wen family want to serve the son of an enemy as their master Absolutely not.Yunyun, this is mother, and this is younger brother Mingyang.
Zhao Chang clutched his bloody neck and fell to the ground.Everyone present was stunned.The meal was almost finished.
Zhao Xueer s room is next to Yunshu s.After closing the door, he sat alone in the room and asked the system.What Liu sat on the ground.Chu Dalang was so frightened that he sifted through the chaff.
That s the eldest son of the orphan.It s a pity that it will be gone if it s gone.Look inside, it s full of small bottles.When he arrived at Taniguchi, countless boxes had already been piled up there.
Seeing Duke Rong s expression, Empress Li was shocked, and hurriedly urged Chu Kuan, Prince, don t you hurry up and feed the poison, and let her talk nonsense to slander your reputation The prince heard Su Yurou say She was horrified at the fact of framing Chu Han.Biao out He has no relatives and no reason, how will he live after you let him leave the Chu family Wen Cai is already an adult, with hands, feet and knowledge, why can t he live I will give him some money for the sake of aunt and nephew, so that he will not starve to death.
The old ape is too powerful. Ning Yao slapped the boy in straw sandals on the head and laughed angrily You just know Chen Ping an suddenly said Miss Ning, turn around, I m going to apply some herbal medicine on your back.Fu Nanhua said with difficulty I said I won t kill you, do you believe it or not He struggled violently.
On the way back, after practicing, While he was stretching his muscles and bones, Chen Ping an suddenly saw Master Ruan walking ashore from the stream.At the Twelve foot Archway Building, Chen Pingan saw the figure of the girl in black and ran quickly.
The man glanced at the spacious avenue to the east and said angrily Waiting for the uncle. Chen Pingan didn t want to stay and be a punching bag, so he ran away quickly.Now A Liang If you want to see it, those obstacles will naturally disappear, so in the field of vision of the man in the bamboo hat, a mysterious and alternative landscape picture appears.
How could you imagine that Xiu Xiu, a girl who is usually so good tempered, would have such a side Beat someone half to death as soon as you strike The girl lay on the counter and continued to be in a daze.So much so that later, when Chen Pingan weighed some broken porcelain pieces from old kilns on the market, he could tell which kiln mouth and even which master fired them.
Cui Chan twitched the corners of his lips, But in some cases, geniuses like me, my husband, also look at certain people in this way.The burning of incense and the ceremony of sacrifice are completed, which means that the emperor, as the emperor who patrols the world on behalf of heaven, has informed the gods, and generally speaking, it is over.
The water rises, I ask you, how do you start the water rise Song Jixin said simply I don t know. The man muttered, Knowing it is knowing it, not knowing it is not knowing, it is knowing.There s something strange about his Qi, it s just a little longer than ordinary people, but you still have to be careful.
After the child raised his head, his mother and the master, who had fallen from the sky inexplicably, were smiling faintly.The straw shoe boy was a little disappointed at first, but soon became happy. It turned out that Miss Ning was a fairy. So when Chen Ping an passed by a shop in Qilong Lane, he spent money to buy a bunch of candied haws for the first time and ate it while walking.
Holding hands, the people who should have been innocent and innocent already had a sinister look on their faces that did not match their age.The man landed lightly on his toes and walked towards Chen Ping an. With every step he took, the man s face became clearer.
Downstairs of the archway, the girl turned her head with murderous intent. She first lowered her hands, pressing the thumbs of both hands on the hilt and hilt of the sword respectively.It was a coincidence that they just came together. The girl held her chin in her hand, stretched out her fingers, fiddled with three copper coins, and asked casually How is your situation, can you tell me Chen Pingan squatted on the wall beside the window, carefully staring at the fire.
Because the Fengcheng Chu family could take this matter to the forefront, make a big fuss, and use the situation and public opinion to oppress the Dali court.things. Chen Pingan does not expect that a mountain god will appear on the three hills near Shenxiu Mountain he selected to help look after homes and homes.
It turns out that Black Snake deliberately showed weakness twice before, just to pave the way for this lightning fast finish.Now that you have this piece of ancestral locust leaf, don t take life and death lightly. Live well. It is the greatest reward for your parents.
Qi, the man who migrated here from Shanya Academy, really determined to go against nature The scholar surnamed Cui turned a deaf ear.
Liu Baqiao chuckled and pointed at Mr. Cui, I already understand. The Confucian gentleman said casually, Songfeng, I visited Mr.Song Jixin glanced at the small pot on the table, and half After holding a bag of copper coins, he raised his head and said Fu Nanhua, I have two conditions.
There seems to be something wrong with the Mai Dojo, right So now, my husband is just the well water, and I am the river water Mr.Some people said they had heard noises on their roofs before. At first, they thought it was a wild cat causing trouble and didn t take it seriously.
Fu Nanhua shook his head and said Since you even know how many copper coins are in a bag, you should also know that we outsiders are not allowed to kill people here at will, otherwise we will be expelled from the town immediately, and may even be killed.Qi Jingchun fell into deep thought, Since the Yuanyou Taoist has already I have revealed the secret to you, so I can follow the gap he opened and tell you something.
Tao Zi thought for a while and said It doesn t look like that assassin came to kill me. Then he added, At least not today. The heart that the head of the Li family was about to feel suddenly dropped to his throat again.Nurtured by warmth, it grows and grows. Ruan Xiu spoke eloquently, then stretched out a finger, held down his head, and said with a smile As for this divine court, it is right here.
Just as the old man was about to increase the force, his palm shattered the head hidden under the curtain, and he moved quickly, His body moved sideways, and he made a squeaking sound.Thank you, so I asked Grandpa Wu to take me to find you overnight. He threw a heavy embroidery bag to Chen Pingan, and said with a bright smile This is a reward, you and I will settle the matter.
In the ancestral house of the Ma family on Xinghua Lane, the golden armored god who had been walking around the town walked back to the courtyard.That warrior was almost going crazy. Isn t this little girl a lunatic with a broken brain The girl smiled and said, You scold me, but I won t argue with you, because I will settle accounts with your family.
There is a beast hiding in the dark on the edge of the cliff The girl could only move her lips slightly, as if she wanted to tell her father not to worry, but her voice was small and fragile.Standing at the entrance of Mupin Alley was a little girl with braids. She probably had frostbite on her cheeks in the winter.
Mr. Qi s situation in the school is quite difficult now, and Mr. Qi and my father have handed over When the time comes, it is very likely that the town will usher in an earth shaking new situation.Song Jixin pressed his hands on his chest, his handsome face had already been distorted, with a ferocious smile.
