Khái niệm Chi phí Sản xuất Chung CPSC trong lĩnh vực kế toán
Theo Điều 87 của Thông tư 200/2014/TT-BTC quy định về chế độ kế toán doanh nghiệp, chi phí sản xuất chung CPSC là tất cả các chi phí phục vụ quá trình sản xuất kinh doanh chung tại các phân xưởng, bộ phận, hoặc công trường, ngoại trừ chi phí nguyên vật liệu trực tiếp và chi phí nhân công trực tiếp.
Đây là loại chi phí quan trọng giúp xác định chính xác giá thành sản phẩm hoặc dịch vụ. Việc phân bổ đúng cách CPSC sẽ giúp doanh nghiệp xác định giá thành chính xác, từ đó đưa ra các quyết định kinh doanh hiệu quả hơn.
1. Chi phí sản xuất chung trong lĩnh vực kế toán sản xuất bao gồm những gì?
Theo Điều 87, chi phí sản xuất chung được hạch toán vào tài khoản 627, chia thành hai loại:
Chi phí sản xuất chung cố định: Các khoản không thay đổi theo số lượng sản phẩm sản xuất, như khấu hao tài sản cố định, bảo dưỡng, và quản lý hành chính tại các phân xưởng.
Chi phí sản xuất chung biến đổi: Các khoản thay đổi theo số lượng sản phẩm, như nguyên liệu, vật liệu và nhân công gián tiếp.
2. Các loại chi phí sản xuất chung thường gặp:
Nguyên vật liệu gián tiếp: Chi phí cho nguyên vật liệu phụ dùng trong sản xuất (không bao gồm nguyên liệu trực tiếp).
Nhân công gián tiếp: Chi phí lương và các khoản phụ cấp cho nhân viên không trực tiếp tạo ra sản phẩm.
Dịch vụ mua ngoài: Chi phí thuê ngoài các dịch vụ hỗ trợ sản xuất, như điện, nước, thuê kho bãi…
3. Cách phân bổ chi phí sản xuất chung
Cuối kỳ, chi phí sản xuất chung được phân bổ dựa trên công suất máy móc trong điều kiện sản xuất bình thường. Có hai trường hợp:
Sản lượng lớn hơn công suất bình thường: Phân bổ chi phí sản xuất chung cố định theo sản lượng thực tế.
Sản lượng bé hơn công suất bình thường: Phân bổ chi phí cố định theo công suất bình thường; phần chi phí không phân bổ được ghi vào giá vốn hàng bán.
3. Công thức tính chi phí sản xuất chung
CPSC được tổng hợp từ 6 tài khoản cấp 2 của TK 627:
TK 6271 – Chi phí nhân viên xưởng
TK 6272 – Chi phí vật liệu
TK 6273 – Chi phí dụng cụ sản xuất
TK 6274 – Chi phí khấu hao TSCĐ
TK 6277 – Chi phí dịch vụ mua ngoài
TK 6278 – Chi phí bằng tiền khác
Công thức tính chi phí sản xuất chung CPSC:
Chi phí sản xuất chung = Chi phí nhân viên + Chi phí vật liệu + Chi phí dụng cụ + Chi phí khấu hao + Chi phí dịch vụ mua ngoài + Chi phí bằng tiền khác
Các khoản chi phí sản xuất chung thực tế phát sinh được ghi vào bên Nợ của tài khoản 627. Cuối kỳ, chi phí không phân bổ được chuyển sang tài khoản 154.
4. Ví dụ tính chi phí sản xuất chung CPSC
Giả sử công ty A có tổng CPSC là 75.000.000 VNĐ, với chi phí cố định là 21.000.000 VNĐ và chi phí biến đổi là 54.000.000 VNĐ. Nếu công suất máy móc là 3000 sản phẩm nhưng kỳ này chỉ sản xuất được 2500 sản phẩm:
Chi phí biến đổi = 54.000.000 VNĐ
Chi phí cố định phân bổ vào giá thành = 21.000.000 × (2500 / 3000) = 17.500.000 VNĐ
Chi phí cố định không phân bổ = 21.000.000 × (1 – 2500/3000) = 3.500.000 VNĐ
Bút toán:
Nợ TK 154: 71.500.000 VNĐ (chi phí cho giá thành)
Nợ TK 632: 3.500.000 VNĐ (chi phí vào giá vốn hàng bán)
Có TK 627: 75.000.000 VNĐ
*Lưu ý khi Hạch toán Tài khoản 627
Khi phân bổ và hạch toán, cần lưu ý các điểm sau:
Tiền lương ở TK 627 là của nhân viên quản lý phân xưởng, không phải nhân công trực tiếp.
Nguyên vật liệu hạch toán vào TK 627 là công cụ cho phân xưởng, phân biệt với nguyên vật liệu trực tiếp ở TK 621.
CPSC thực tế phát sinh sẽ ghi bên Có của TK 627, cuối kỳ chuyển sang tài khoản 154 nếu không phân bổ.
5. Giải pháp Cắt giảm Chi phí sản xuất chung CPSC
CPSC có ảnh hưởng lớn đến giá thành và lợi nhuận của doanh nghiệp. Một số giải pháp giảm chi phí này bao gồm:
Tăng cường quản lý chi phí:Xây dựng hệ thống theo dõi và kiểm soát chi phí chặt chẽ. tích hợp các công cụ quản lý giám sát sản xuất như hệ thống ANDON SmartTrack
Tối ưu hóa quy trình sản xuất:Giảm lãng phí nguyên vật liệu, thời gian và nhân công.
Nâng cao tay nghề cho nhân viên:Giúp tăng năng suất lao động và giảm chi phí nhân công.
Tìm kiếm nhà cung cấp tốt:Ưu tiên sản xuất nội bộ các sản phẩm, dịch vụ cần thiết.
Những giải pháp này sẽ giúp doanh nghiệp tối ưu hóa chi phí sản xuất và tăng lợi nhuận hiệu quả hơn.
5. Kết luận
chi phí sản xuất chung CPSC là một yếu tố quan trọng trong cấu trúc chi phí của doanh nghiệp sản xuất. Việc hiểu rõ và quản lý hiệu quả các khoản chi phí này sẽ giúp doanh nghiệp nâng cao năng lực cạnh tranh và tối ưu hóa lợi nhuận.
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The love fairy keeps spewing pollen. With the help of the entire alcoholic bee colony, the power of the alcoholic queen s pollen confusion greatly increased.Master Si Tian He is the right hand man of Holy Master Wuliang.
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Even the side of Baishou Lake was in tatters. The pits were like a Shura battlefield.If you use multiple Cold Pond Tokens at the same time, the training effect will be better.
Therefore, even if the two opponents were lower in cultivation than him, his situation was still in danger.This golden spirit iron is actually a very good material for refining metallic magic weapons.
When dealing with the opponents in front of them, they were always paying attention to changes in the situation on the battlefield.As Qingyang and Ma Xingchen disappeared from the door of the tower, more than three hundred candidates all entered the Hundred Refining Tower.
They had completed such an important task. Now that the boss is here, he will definitely go up.The thickness of the bone layer is bottomless. Anyway, with the current limit of Qingyang s spiritual consciousness, it is still impossible to reach the bottom.
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They were ready and could see clearly. Following a purple gold light, the body of the new chief instructor flickered briefly.After seeing this scene, everyone present was shocked.
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Even Fang Siya didn t know the specific inside story.His face looked haggard, as if he hadn t had a good rest for days and nights.
Because after Lu Yu agreed to retrieve the Xuanyuan Divine Sword, he ordered others not to act without authorization, lest they ruin Lu Ziji s plan.Even with his astonishing cultivation, he still couldn t control his body.
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At the center of the sword, every time Gui Wujiu stepped out, he left a footprint but within three breaths, the footprints gradually disappeared.The magical powers in the near realm are sealed in a certain secret treasure.
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If you can t speak, you d better shut up PS The data in the first few days of each week is very important, especially for reading.For example, every church in the territory is guarded by priests and bishops.
Everyone is guessing how long and how big the planet under their feet is.So during the two days waiting for the award ceremony, Lin En closed the door to thank guests and concentrated on studying the spell model of force field magic.
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Coming slower and slower. Lin En then raised his hand and extinguished all the white phosphorus flames.