Bảo trì năng suất toàn diện (TPM- Total Productive Maintenance). có thể ví như bác sĩ của thiết bị, máy móc. Vậy TPM là gì ? những lợi ích nào mà nó mang lại cho doanh nghiệp sản xuất ?
1. TPM là gì?
Total Productive Maintenance (TPM) là một chương trình bảo trì bao gồm nhiều định nghĩa mới cho quá trình bảo dưỡng thiết bị.
TPM đưa bảo trì vào trọng tâm là một phần quan trọng của doanh nghiệp. Thời gian bảo trì được đưa vào trong kế hoạch sản xuất và trong nhiều trường hợp, TPM trở thành một phần không thể thiếu trong quá trình sản xuất. TPM giao trách nhiệm bảo trì và bảo dưỡng định kỳ cho những người cùng vận hành thiết bị đó. Điều này đặt những người quen thuộc nhất với máy có nhiệm vụ chăm sóc nó.
Mục tiêu của chương trình là tăng năng lực sản xuất, đồng thời tăng kiến thức, kỹ năng và sự hài lòng trong công việc của nhân viên.TPM chỉ ra rằng công việc bảo dưỡng là rất quan trọng, liên quan và góp phần rất lớn vào kết quả kinh doanh của nhà máy, kết quả mang lại là lợi nhuận đột phá cho nhà đầu tư. Dừng thiết bị để bảo trì có kế hoạch là một phần công việc trong một ngày sản xuất, như một mắt xích trong quá trình sản xuất. Mục tiêu là máy móc không bị Breakdown (thiết bị chỉ dừng khi chúng ta có kế hoạch dừng nó).
TPM được xây dựng trên nền tảng 5S, tạo ra tổ chức nơi làm việc hiệu quả và các quy trình được chuẩn hóa để cải thiện sự an toàn, chất lượng, năng suất và thái độ của nhân viên.
2. LỊCH SỬ PHÁT TRIỂN CỦA TPM
TPM là một sáng kiến của người Nhật. Nguồn gốc của TPM phát triển từ Preventive Maintenance vào năm 1951 của người Nhật. Tuy nhiên khái niệm Preventive Maintenance lại được hình thành từ Mỹ. Nippondenso là công ty đầu tiên giới thiệu chương trình Preventive Maintenance vào năm 1960. Preventive Maintenance là một chương trình hỗ trợ nhân viên vận hành và bảo dưỡng thiết bị, tuy nhiên khi thiết bị ngày càng tự động hơn, phát triển hơn, vấn đề bảo dưỡng thiết bị trở nên không hiệu quả vì đòi hỏi nhân lực bảo trì nhiều hơn, thường xuyên hơn. Do đó, bộ phận quản lý quyết định: Nhân viên vận hành thực hiện các tác vụ kiểm tra, bảo dưỡng thiết bị, mà các tác vụ kiểm tra đó có tần suất ngắn hạn, thường xuyên (Hay còn gọi là Autonomous maintenance, một phần cốt yếu của TPM). Vì thế Nippondenso thực hiện Preventive Maintenance và thêm cả Autonomous Maintenance được thực hiện bởi nhân viên vận hành thiết bị. Do vậy, thiết bị ngày một cải tiến hơn (Maintainability Improvement), độ tin cậy cao hơn. Từ đó, chương trình Total Productive Maintenance ra đời.
Mục tiêu của Total Productive Maintenance là: Tối đa hóa sự sẵn sàng của thiết bị, sử dụng thiết bị đạt hiệu suất và hiệu quả nhất với chi phí thấp nhất.
TOTAL = Tất cả các mục tiêu, suốt vòng đời của máy, tất cả các bộ phận, tất cả mọi người
PRODUCTIVE = Sản xuất ra sản phẩm nhiều và dịch vụ tốt hơn, đáp ứng được và vượt cả sự mong đợi của khách hàng
MAINTENANCE= Duy trì thiết bị và nhà máy luôn tốt hoặc tốt hơn tình trạng ban đầu trong trong mọi tình huống
3. MỤC TIÊU CỦA TPM
+Production: Quản lý hệ thống sản xuất, kế hoạch sản xuất, thay thế phụ tùng, theo dõi các chỉ tiêu A, P, Q và OPE
+Quality: Chất lượng càng cao càng tốt.
+Cost: Chi phí làm sao cho thấp nhất.
+Delivery: Giao hàng nhanh nhất.
+Morale: Tinh thần, lòng tin nâng lên.
+Safety (SHE): An toàn, sức khỏe, môi trường được cải thiện.
4. LỢI ÍCH KHI TRIỂN KHAI TPM
Giảm phế phẩm.
Giảm hao hụt và chất thải.
Tăng năng suất và hiệu suất.
Giảm chi phí sản xuất và bảo trì máy móc
Giảm tai nạn lao động
Giảm tình trạng lưu kho đáng kể
Tăng cường lợi nhuận.
Lợi ích gián tiếp:
Cải tiến kỹ thuật và kiến thức hướng đến quản lý chất lượng toàn diện TQM
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All the Supreme Masters of Tianxuan, there are many of them and the most talented people in the lower realms are also gathered together.If it were a demon monk, he might still be afraid of it.
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