.Bảo trì bảo dưỡng là các hoạt động nhằm giữ cho các tài sản máy móc thiết bị của doanh nghiệp luôn hoạt động hiệu quả và ổn định cho các hoạt động sản xuất kinh doanh. Về bản chất, bảo trì giữ vai trò hậu vô cùng quan trọng nhằm đảm bảo nguồn lực máy móc thiết bị giúp doanh nghiệp tăng tính cạnh tranh nhằm tồn tại và phát triển bền vững.
2. Các giai đoạn phát triển của bảo trì:
Với mục tiêu cốt lõi đó, bảo trì đã không ngừng phát triển và hoàn thiện để đáp ứng tốt hơn các yêu cầu của doanh nghiệp. Bảo trì đã trải qua 4 thế hệ, ứng với mỗi thế hệ, bảo trì lại có những cải tiến về mục tiêu như sau:
a. Bảo trì thế hệ 1: Hư đâu sửa đó, hỏng đâu thay đó – chỉ sửa chữa khi hư hỏng, không đòi hỏi kỹ thuật cao
Mục tiêu bảo trì thế hệ 1: là Sửa chữa và khôi phục máy móc khi bị hư hỏng
b. Bảo trì thế hệ 2: Bảo trì định kỳ theo kế hoạch và có hệ thống hơn. Có sự ra đời của những hệ thống kiểm soát và lập kế hoạch bảo trì.
Mục tiêu bảo trì thế hệ 2: là tăng khả năng sẵn sàng của máy cao hơn; kéo dài tuổi thọ của thiết bị hơn; Chi phí bảo trì thấp hơn.
c. Bảo trì thế hệ 3: Bảo trì kết hợp với giám sát tình trạng, Thiết kế đảm bảo khả năng bảo trì, Thiết kế đảm bảo độ tin cậy, Thiết kế đảm bảo an toàn, Phân tích nguyên nhân gốc rễ.
Mục tiêu bảo trì thế hệ 3: Khả năng sẵn sàng của máy cao hơn; Độ tin cậy của máy cao hơn; An toàn hơn; Không tác hại đến môi trường; Chất lượng sản phẩm tốt hơn; Tuổi thọ máy dài hơn; Hiệu quả kinh tế lớn hơn.
d. Mục tiêu bảo trì thế hệ 4: Khả năng sẵn sàng của máy cao hơn nữa; Độ tin cậy của máy cao hơn nữa; An toàn hơn nữa (OSHAS 18000), Không tác hại đến môi trường (ISO 14000); Chất lượng sản phẩm tốt hơn (6 Sigma); Tuổi thọ máy dài hơn; Hiệu quả kinh tế lớn hơn (Bảo trì tinh gọn); Quản lý rủi ro; Những tổ chức bảo trì tin cậy cao; Các giải pháp bảo trì hiệu quả hơn.
3. Những mục tiêu của bảo trì hiện đại:
Từ mục tiêu cụ thể ở từng thế hệ bảo trì, có thể thấy bảo trì hiện đại không tập trung nhiều vào việc sửa chữa và khắc phục khi hư hỏng xảy ra. Thay vào đó, mục tiêu bảo trì đã tập trung vào việc xây dựng, duy trì và cải tiến thiết bị từ khi thiết kế đến lúc vận hành để đảm bảo thiết bị luôn vận hành ổn định ở trạng thái tốt nhất. Tổng kết lại ta có các mục tiêu chính của bảo trì hiện nay bao gồm:
Xây dựng một chương trình bảo trì tổng thể cho mọi hoạt động của doanh nghiệp (vận chuyển, mua bán, kỹ thuật, R&D, sản xuất, QA&QC, kiểm soát chất lượng, đóng gói, dịch vụ hậu mãi, chăm sóc khách hàng, lắp đặt vận hành…)
Đảm bảo công tác bảo trì luôn sẵn sàng mọi lúc, mọi nơi
Đưa các khái niệm đánh giá như OEE, độ tin cậy, khả năng bảo trì toàn diện vào mọi hoạt động doanh nghiệp nhất là trong các hoạt động sản xuất nhằm đảm bảo chu kỳ sống là nhỏ nhất.
Thu thập dữ liệu vận hành theo thời gian thực để xây dựng đồ thị đánh giá tỷ lệ hư hỏng và dự đoán tuổi thọ thiết bị.
Phân tích dữ liệu bảo trì để thiết kế cải tiến thiết bị máy móc tốt hơn
Phân tích nguyên nhân gốc rễ của các dạng hư hỏng, nhằm xây dựng các biện pháp tối thiểu hóa các rủi ro hỏng hóc có thể xảy ra..
Phân tích dữ liệu vận hành để xác định sự phân bố thời gian vận hành đến hư hỏng, tính tỷ lệ hư hỏng và độ tin cậy của thiết bị.
Phân tích tất cả các thành phần trong thời gian ngừng máy nhằm xác định được phân bổ thời gian cần thiết cho các hoạt động bảo trì hoặc phục hồi thiết bị.
Tinh giảm hóa trong thiết kế của thiết bị nhằm đơn giản hóa công tác bảo trì.
Sắp xếp và cấu hình thiết bị tốt hơn về độ tin cậy
Xác định tồn kho vật tư phụ tùng tối ưu để đảm bảo độ tin cậy của công tác bảo trì
Xác định các vật tư phụ tùng, thiết bị giúp nâng cao hiệu quả công tác bảo trì
Xác định mối quan hệ giữa ứng xuất – biến dạng – sức bền – thời gian trong thiết kế thiết bị nhằm đạt được độ tin cậy thiết kế tối ưu.
Sử dụng các work order (phiếu bảo trì) trong mọi hoạt động bảo trì bảo dưỡng
Xây dựng hệ thống báo cáo hư hỏng và kết quả bảo trì hiệu quả, trực quan.
Xây dựng cơ sở xác định vai trò và trách nhiệm của từng cá nhân trong mọi công tác vận hành và bảo trì thiết bị.
Xây dựng hướng dẫn chi tiết cho việc ra quyết định bảo trì tài sản nhằm giảm thời gian bảo trì
Xem xét mọi khía cạnh: thiết kế kỹ thuật, vật liệu, linh phụ kiện, chế tạo, kiểm soát chất lượng, thử nghiệm, điều kiện vận hành, năng suất, thời gian sử dụng để thiết kế và chế tạo thiết bị đúng và phù hợp từ đầu.
Kiểm tra khả năng bảo trì, độ tin cậy thiết bị từ lúc thiết kế để tối ưu hóa thiết bị trước khi chế tạo.
Lập danh sách kiểm soát chất lượng nhằm giảm tối đa những sai sót phát sinh cho chế tạo, lắp ráp thiết bị
Tối đa hóa khả năng sẵn sàng và thời gian hoạt động của thiết bị để nâng cao năng suất.
Đảm bảo thiết bị có các tài liệu kỹ thuật, sổ tay vận hành đầy đủ để tránh những sai sót trong lắp đặt, vận hành, bảo dưỡng.
Đảm bảo nhân viên vận hành và kỹ thuật viên bảo trì được đào tạo đầy đủ chuyên môn cần thiết và có đủ kinh nghiệm để thực hiện các công việc được giao có liên quan đến máy móc thiết bị.
Có các cảnh báo trực quan và các thiết bị kiểm soát để đảm bảo thiết bị máy móc luôn vận hành trong giới hạn công suất và khả năng tải.
Đảm bảo kiểm soát tốt mục đích sử dụng thiết bị, tránh mọi hành vi sử dụng sai tính năng, sai chỉ số khi vận hành thiết bị.
Thu thập và lưu trữ đầy đủ các dữ liệu về độ tin cậy và khả năng bảo trì để phục vụ cho công tác bảo trì và cải tiến thiết bị.
Giám sát hiệu quả sử dụng thực tế của thiết bị, tỉ lệ sửa chữa chữa để kịp thời có hành động khắc phục trước khi sự cố hư hỏng xảy ra.
Nghiên cứu các phương pháp bảo trì hiệu quả và kinh tế nhất dựa trên phân tích độ tin cậy, khả năng bảo trì, thực tế vận hành và bảo trì của doanh nghiệp.
Xác định độ tin cậy, chi phí của các vật tư phụ tùng bảo trì nhằm có chiến lược tồn kho hiệu quả, giảm chi phí tồn khi
Giảm chi phí sửa chữa, thay thế để tối ưu hóa chi phí bảo hành bảo dưỡng sản phẩm
Thúc đẩy thương mại và doanh số bán hàng dựa trên độ tin cậy sản phẩm và chính sách bảo hành hiệu quả.
Cung cấp các sản phẩm có tuổi thọ cao và dễ bảo trì hơn
If you switch to a tank class or a large creature, the battle will take longer.The ship swept. Gold coins are innocent and cannot be missed no matter what.
It can even be said to be unparalleled. If he hadn t been controlled by Xiaozi Jian early on, he would definitely have succeeded in revenge.What s going on It must be an enemy attack, be careful It s poisoned, priest
Zhao Hao did not let Xiao Lu appear when he was fighting the devil before.
So poor There is no oil or water on the other party.With the Tide Sword, Ellie is fully confident in holding back a big demon.
Looking at the group of scorpion lions in front of him, Zhao Hao knew that the critical moment had arrived.Where am I Qin Hu sat up in a daze, feeling a chill on his body, and there was a whistling outside.
He is visiting your sinful territory Zhao Hao stared at the other person as he spoke, trying to tell something from the other person s reaction.Being caught off guard, the number of people who could assemble to fight immediately was pitifully small.
Therefore, there are opportunities to fish in troubled waters, and we cannot rush to take the lead now.Their job was to build roads across mountains and rivers, build bridges, chop wood for fires, dig ditches and carry water, and build camps.
If they dare to come out, they will have to bear the heavy blows of the major guilds of Xia Kingdom.But after the old Marquis died, Chen Guogong turned against him and became ruthless.
When the spell hit, light flashed from the short cloak on the opponent s body, preventing the negative spell from taking effect.Don t worry, do you want to come and check the trophies in person Zhao Hao looked at the dark elf girl surrounded by the army and subordinates.
It was also because of the other party s existence that Zhao Hao avoided several troubles, otherwise he would have shed his skin even if he did not die.The focus is on the face. too young. Like a teenager who hasn t graduated from high school yet.
It s so stupid. There s no way you can touch me Barus spread his bat wings behind him, preparing to distance himself.It is precisely because of the suppression of the Phantom Shooter that the Deadwood Guards can continue to stand on the field and output.
Not to mention that Zhao Hao also gave Black Bear a suggestion.There is a wealth of talent in college towns. If it weren t for not taking the player route, maybe Zhao Hao would reach out to the university town to pull people.
The surrounding shadow swordsmen not only did not rush in to help, but even kept retreating, just maintaining the encircling formation.Unless you drink medicine or are in the training ground, summoning the dead hundreds of times a day is your limit.
The reason his tactics work so well is because they are not exposed.Therefore, even if the banquet had bad intentions, he could only choose to send someone here.
You know, all the champions in the past were heroes and had unparalleled influence in the military.It only takes less than ten seconds for ordinary people to sprint with all their strength.
As for high level dispelling spells, you can imagine how difficult it is to seal them into scrolls and props.Of course it s not that she likes to quarrel, but that as long as the other party is distracted, she can take the opportunity to kill the enemy.
In other words, this is the case for chambers of commerce at this stage.In addition to the 680 units that he originally had, that means he now has a full 2,000 units of Phantom Hands under his command.
As for the breath, it should be that the body changes in the wrong direction, and the other person notices it.Yes, strength. The elf mission is not an ordinary target.
Oh, little Marquis, why are you confused We are in the military camp.
Going back to when he persuaded Yu Li to practice the Mahayana Sutra, Xi Lerong s demeanor was clearly similar to that of Long Yun and others.In other words, what Qin Menglin saw was that he was not to blame.
After reading it carefully, Tie Ke took a deep breath.But he was making secret calculations in his heart.
Long Yun and Feng Qing hurriedly searched with their eyes, but found nothing.Why didn t the person in front of him care about it Do you even care about your daughter s life and death Without answering his question, Nie Yun looked over calmly Do you think
there are more powerful beings above the God Realm This
Zhang Xuan paused There should be
Although I have never seen it, since he can cultivate to this level, maybe others can too, or even be stronger.
Yun Nian Sword wipes out all the tribulation power.After wandering carefully in this world for more than ten days, Gui Wujiu Regarding the methods of wood spirits, I think I have a general understanding of them.
At this point, it doesn t make much difference whether it takes fifty years, five hundred years, or five thousand years to achieve enlightenment.As for the Yin Yang Dao Master s quick movements, each of the three of them had two chances to take action.
If you look carefully, you will see that inside the box is a crystal clear soft bottle , which is no more than three thirds thick and completely transparent like glass.For things that have never been seen before, it is extremely difficult to visualize their shapes and principles however, Gui Wujiu has visualized the continent of Mana and simulated the flow of the Qi of Taizhi.
Therefore, after being inspired by the methods in the palace, Nangong Boyu immediately thought that this was the right time But at this moment, Xin Weiying s laughter stopped abruptly Xin Weiying slowly lowered his head to look as his whole body was suffocated.It s just that the world s Taoism has its own secrets.
He suddenly waved his hand, and the clone on one side immediately turned into a flower again.If you want to complete it in one breath, even if you are a Taoist realm master, it will be very difficult, right But Gui Wujiu stood still.
It can be seen that all the camps are actually empty Among the leading flagships, Xie Liang, Tanxiao, Shoubai, Qi Yu, Gu Yi, Ji Fengyu, and Linghu Qubing stood at the head of the boat.A character from the Mystery of Shinryu. From this, Gui Wujiu also saw the peculiarities of other true flow path fruits.
I believe that in Jiang Minyi s generation, this matter is inevitable It can be completed.Long Yun and Feng Qing each took action and pushed out a palm lightly.
Then, the scene in front of Gui Wujiu changed Thousands of islands, the water image is as deep as ink surrounded by the remaining formation, there are mysteries of entering and exiting.Shi Mo quickly said It s all thanks to senior sister s suggestions.
At this point, Chi Xiang and others may be particularly doubtful.This is what Gui Wujiu calls the general trend , and it is also the basis of his own chance of victory.
There is no need to deliberately associate and mention points, and many important points will naturally not be ignored.Roughly compared, Fei Nan s runes have slightly sharper edges and corners, closer to leaves while Yun Lan s runes have softer lines, like a peach blossom.
The whole world, not even the lower realm clone of Mr.it seems that such a fighting method does not have full confidence in the heart the balance of victory and defeat seems to have tilted towards Jiang Minyi.
Jing Ke didn t panic. Instead of speeding up and retreating, he closed his palms together, and a purple energy appeared on his face, completely releasing all his elixir power.Is it possible that after the Dao realm, I really think that you are the only one in the world In this big world of Ziwei, no one can do anything to you Apart from anything else, how confident are you that you can get through this hurdle In fact, let s not talk about the chaos of the Tao and the road without anchor after the second realm.
At this moment, this generation s heart seems to have undergone an inexplicable baptism, and the embers of the fire have finally cooled down completely.
But the problem is that there is Anlos, and we must find a way to create harvest opportunities for her.Freya Zhao Hao shouted while using the ultimate transformation technique.
It was like a punch to jelly, the impact being absorbed by it.Because when a hero leads an army, there must be flying units and ground units.
This also shows that compared with the players, what the aborigines lack is the knowledge of the explosion of information, not IQ.Even the troops stopped under the command of the hero and wanted to figure out the situation first.
Ten minutes later, Zhao Hao finally understood why Alibuda s voice was out of tune.Boss, please keep your voice down. If anyone hears it, our Blood Sea Studio will be doomed Another player sitting next to the young man reminded in a low voice.
It s just that this made Zhao Hao suffer. The other party might have been just curious at first, but changed after hearing the harsh sound.You can even see dragon scales, dragon bones, etc. in one stall, and a round table sized baby dragon head hangs above the stall.
A certain player in the stronghold camp will acquire the inheritance of the Beast King in the future and become a top player in the stronghold camp.The God of Death has sufficient attack power and strong agility, but his body is fragile.
Uh huh The spearmen formed a convex half moon formation.Although there are golden dragons, compared to the epic arms, the power of the champion class in the conventional system is still within the acceptance range of major forces, as long as the number is not too large.
Is it really worth seeing the weight of hundreds of tons.Whenever necessary, they would jump out of the underworld to kill people at any time, and the ghosts would follow in the distance.
The superiors can do whatever they want as long as they are strong enough.Now that all the demons involved in this incident are dead, and even their bodies and souls have been reduced to ashes, there is no need to worry about anyone being able to produce evidence of colluding with the demons.
After all, chasing demons is the main task of the Templar Church now you don t want the Legion to attack, are you colluding with the other party.After going through these things in Qin Hu s mind, he basically figured out that this should be a trap.
It is no wonder why the other party only focuses on the Holy Church.The Time Assassin didn t know how valuable it was, and he couldn t offer any more in exchange, but Zhao Hao didn t want to mention it.
Coupled with the continuous attacks of the three green dragons, the scorpion lion group was quickly eliminated.The nest guards that originally covered the sky and the earth have been cleared away.
Not to mention the combat power, just the appearance alone crushed the ghost.So one of the cavemen used a spear which was very long compared to himself to fight back.
But after thinking about it many times in his mind, he really didn t expect the information about the bone dragon Alibuda.Because there is no shortage of these things in Mingyue City, only by finding sales channels can we sell them at high prices.
He really couldn t understand why the other party had changed so much.Naturally, it was not put away during the battle. Unexpectedly, the opponent jumped out on its own initiative.
With so many advantages, how could you not learn it Even in the future, a Five Fireball God Cult will be born among players.Uh huh I saw the figures of the gods of death slowly turning pale, and finally disappeared from the spot.
But the prerequisite is to find out what means the opponent has and whether he can kill the God of Death before he gets close.The thin Qin An was accidentally overturned by the strong wind.
He inspired a few fire talismans and threw them at the alcoholic bee swarm, and quickly ran away behind him.However, Qingyang was not helpless. While he was avoiding the opponent s attack, a group of alcohol loving bees had been released by him and swarmed up to surround the sturdy man.
The green cauldron trapped Fei Yusheng, and Biyu Xiao launched an attack without giving his opponent any time to react.Yes, this guy was only at the first level of Qi Refining at the time, which was a full five levels lower than his own cultivation level.
Kou Yuchang was secretly happy in his heart, but he put on a look of indignation on his face and said Let me just say, this guy doesn t know how to appreciate others and regards Junior Sister Qin s sincerity as a donkey s liver and lungs.Everyone quickly stopped what they were doing and became cautious.
Although Qingyang had many life saving means, they all seemed to be ineffective at this moment.There are not many monks, and those with high strength are even rarer.
Both of them were at the fifth level of Qi Refining.With this attack alone, at least seven or eight un advanced Mountain Rats were killed.
But Qingyang has no scruples in this regard. If he attracts everyone else, he can explain everything clearly in person.After checking the entire alchemy room and confirming that there were no omissions, Qingyang sent away the people from the alchemy institute and closed the formation restrictions outside.
Then he bowed, and when he saw Qingyang s refusal, he smiled slightly and said, Friend Qingyang, don t be too busy refusing, listen to my conditions first.Then everyone joined together. He started to clean up the ruins at the intersection, revealing a hole that was as tall as a person, but it was so dark inside that it was hard to see what was inside.
Your future prospects are limitless. It s a pity that you are the enemy of my Liang family, so my Liang family can only get rid of you to avoid endless troubles.The reason why I took a fancy to this technique was for the monkey king who was raised in the Drunk Immortal Gourd.
The food basically consists of wild fruits and spiritual fruits transplanted into the Drunken Immortal Gourd.Coupled with some of his own trump cards, the victory should be It s not difficult.
However, the Immortal Knocking Token from the Qingfeng Palace is an extra bonus.Seeing the Yin Yang Slash approaching him again, the living dead man seemed to be annoyed.
However, they were not happy in their hearts. Now they finally occupy it.It only took less than half an hour for everyone to gather.
At this opportunity, he stepped forward and rushed over.Unexpectedly, someone would deliver the goods to his door in the blink of an eye, allowing him to get two high quality spiritual swords for nothing
If you add the green wood sword that Qingyang got in the Chaos Demon Valley, you already have three low grade spiritual swords.
However, the poison in the second brother s body could not be detoxified, and the situation in the second period became worse and worse.Some monks may have a lot of extra things on them when they go out after the trial, but they can t be sure to kill anyone.
Every disciple enters All items must be checked beforehand, including all items in the talisman.Your spiritual mind can move objects, and the size of the object does not exceed the storage talisman.
With the status of the Qin family and the Kou family, if they send out invitations, they must only send one, and it is sent to important members of the family.He also practiced to the sixth level of Qi Refining at a young age.
If you are hungry, you can take one Bigu Pill for many days.Kidan broke through. Of course, there are also very few people who break through without using the Foundation Establishment Pill.
However, necessary precautions are still needed. Monsters are different from human monks and have many attack methods.In other words, this group of people also has accomplices, who may have taken advantage of the chaos to sneak into his cave, and maybe they have found Qin Ruyan at this time.
After a few struggles, it turned into a ball of ashes.
