Làm thế nào để bảo trì bảo dưỡng máy móc thiết bị sản xuất trong doanh nghiệp một cách hiệu quả nhằm giảm chi phí, tăng tuổi thọ thiết bị, tăng năng suất và tính an toàn?
Để đảm bảo sức khỏe, chúng ta vẫn thường đi khám sức khỏe định kỳ để phát hiện kịp thời những bất thường có thể xảy ra đối với cơ thể và có phương pháp điều trị kịp thời. Máy móc thiết bị sản xuất trong doanh nghiệp cũng vậy, cũng cần phải bảo trì, bảo dưỡng định kì vì chỉ cần một chi tiết hoạt động bất thường cũng có thể làm hỏng máy và gây ra các tổn hại về kinh tế cũng như kỹ thuật của quá trình sản xuất. Máy móc hư hỏng thường là do không được bảo trì định kì dẫn đến việc bị giảm tuổi thọ cũng như hiệu suất hoạt động. Công tác quản lý tài sản, bảo trì máy móc thiết bị là vô cùng quan trọng đối với các doanh nghiệp nhằm hạn chế những tổn thất về kinh tế, lãng phí về thời gian cũng như chi phí sửa chữa, mua mới. Trong bài viết này, chúng tôi sẽ chia sẻ với các bạn một số điểm mà chúng ta cần chú ý để có thể bảo trì máy móc thiết bị hiệu quả.
1. Làm thế nào để bảo trì thiết bị, tài sản, máy móc hiệu quả
Mục tiêu của hoạt động bảo trì máy móc thiết bị là duy trì tình trạng hoạt động tốt của máy móc thiết bị với chi phí thấp nhất. Các nhiệm vụ chính của công tác bảo trì thiết bị – Tăng độ tin cậy – Tối ưu hóa chi phí sản xuất và bảo trì – Tăng độ an toàn – Nâng cao năng suất Để đạt được mục tiêu này, các nhà máy sản xuất cần lựa chọn các giải pháp bảo trì đúng và phù hợp với mục tiêu và điều kiện sản xuất kinh doanh của doanh nghiệp.
2. Lựa chọn hình thức bảo trì, bảo dưỡng cho từng loại thiết bị
Tiến hành phân loại thiết bi và lựa chọn hình thức bảo trì phù hợp – Thiết bị sống còn (cho an toàn, tạo sản phẩm, chất lượng sản phẩm): bảo dưỡng theo tình trạng (theo dõi rung động, nhiệt độ, tiếng ồn, hay chất lượng sản phẩm) và bảo dưỡng định kỳ (bảo dưỡng, thay thế các chi tiết định kỳ). – Thiết bị quan trọng (các thiết ảnh hưởng tới dây chuyền nhưng có dự phòng, thiết bị mắc tiền, vấn đề vật tư,…): bảo dưỡng theo tình trạng, lên kế hoạch sửa chữa khi có dấu hiệu hư hỏng. Đối với các dạng hư hỏng mà không thể theo dõi giám sát tình trạng, có thể bảo dưỡng cơ hội ( tiến hành kiểm tra khi có điều kiện ngừng máy). Thiết bị phụ trợ: có thể tiến hành sửa chữa phục hồi hay hư mới sửa. Tuy nhiên, nên lựa chọn phương pháp bảo dưỡng định kỳ đối với những loại máy móc thiết bị gây tốn kém cho hoạt động sản xuất nếu gặp phải hư hỏng. Sửa chữa lớn toàn nhà máy: là thời gian kiểm định, bảo dưỡng sửa chữa các tồn đọng hư hỏng. Thông thường theo quy định của pháp luật, áp dụng cho các loại máy móc, thiết bị chỉ sửa chữa khi ngừng nhà máy nhiều ngày, thiết bị có rủi ro cao tới sự hoạt động của nhà máy.
3. Cơ cấu tổ chức
Cơ cấu tổ chức cho công tác bảo trì bảo dưỡng thiết bị, máy móc nhằm đảm bảo cho việc thực thi được hiệu quả cần có:
– Bộ phận lập kế hoạch (thuộc Phòng kỹ thuật): các kỹ sư có kinh nghiệm lập kế hoạch vật tư, kế hoạch bảo trì thiết bị định kỳ, kiểm định thiết bị, kế hoạch cho sửa chữa toàn nhà máy. – Bộ phận thực thi: gồm các kỹ sư, công nhân sửa chữa bảo dưỡng trực tiếp sẽ xây dựng quy trình bảo trì sửa chữa máy móc thiết bị (gồm các bước triển khai công việc, nhân sự thực hiện, nhân sự thống kê, giám sát, báo cáo kết quả,…) Nhân lực bảo dưỡng đóng một vai trò rất quan trọng vì dù bạn có một kế hoạch bảo trì máy móc thiết bị hoàn hảo nhưng tay nghề của thợ sửa chữa cũng như kỹ sư giám sát kém thì hư hỏng máy móc thậm chí sẽ phát sinh nhiều hơn trước.
4. Cách lập kế hoạch bảo dưỡng định kỳ:
Tiến hành lập kế hoạch dựa trên bảng phân loại thiết bị. Lựa chọn loại hình bảo dưỡng dữa trên thông tin thiết bị mà nhà sản xuất đưa ra, tình trạng thực tế của máy, số giờ chạy máy, thời gian sửa chữa gần đây nhất và các công cụ khác để phân tích, xác định nhu cầu bảo dưỡng. Phần mềm quản lý tài sản, bảo trì máy móc thiết bị EcoMaint, một trong các phân hệ của phần mềm quản lý doanh nghiệp tổng thể iBom, là công cụ hỗ trợ đắc lực cho các doanh nghiệp trong công tác quản lý tài sản, theo dõi tình trạng sử dụng của thiết bị, tính khấu hao, và lập kế hoạch bảo trì thiết bị. Bạn có thể tham khảo để tìm hiểu đầy đủ tính năng của phần mềm quản lý bảo trì thiết bị CMMS
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