“Bảo trì lạc hậu và ngừngmáy gây thiệt hại lớn, ảnh hưởng đáng kể đến
sự phát triển bền vững của doanh nghiệp”
1. Chi phí bảo trì
Trong bảo trì hiện đại, chi phí bảo trì gồm hai thành phần: chi phí bảo trì trực tiếp (còn gọi là chi phí bảo trì hữu hình hay chi phí ẩn) và chi phí bảo trì gián tiếp (còn gọi là chi phí bảo trì vô hình).
1.1.Chi phí bảo trì trực tiếp
Chi phí bảo trì trực tiếp được dùng để chi trả trực tiếp và lưu lại trong hồ sơ kế toán của công ty, bao gồm:
Chi phí cho lương nhân viên.
Chi phí cho thưởng nhân viên.
Chi phí cho đào tạo, huấn luyện.
Chi phí cho quản lý bảo trì.
Chi phí cho vật tư bảo trì.
Chi phí cho dụng cụ bảo trì.
Chi phí cho thiết bị bảo trì.
Chi phí cho thuê ngoài dịch vụ bảo trì.
Chi phí cho cải tiến thiết bị.
1.2Chi phí bảo trì gián tiếp
Chi phí bảo trì gián tiếp là những khoản chi phí doanh nghiệp phải trả hoặc mất đi vì các tổn thất, thiệt hại khi ngừng máy. Chi phí này phần lớn là từ chi phí thời gian ngừng máy.
1.3.Chi phí chu kỳ sống
Chi phí chu kỳ sống (Life Cycle Costs – LCC) bao gồm tất cả chi phí mà doanh nghiệp phải trả hoặc mất đi từ lúc mua máy đến khi thanh lý máy.
Chi phí chu kỳ sống thường bằng từ 4 đến 40 lần giá mua máy ban đầu, vì vậy ở các nước và doanh nghiệp có hiểu biết, khi đầu tư ban đầu vào mua máy mới người ta sẽ tính LCC của những nhà cung cấp khác nhau và ra quyết định mua máy của nhà cung cấp nào có LCC thấp nhất.
LCC được tính như sau:
LCC = CI + NY (CO + CM + CS)
Trong đó:
Chi phí đầu tư (CI): bao gồm chi phí mua máy hoặc hệ thống thiết bị; chi phí đầu tư cho hạ tầng phục vụ vận hành máy; chi phí cho đào tạo và huấn luyện; chi phí cho tài liệu kỹ thuật; chi phí cho phụ tùng thay thế; …
Số năm (NY): số năm dự kiến sử dụng máy cho đến khi thanh lý
Chi phí vận hành (CO): bao gồm chi phí cho vật tư, con người, năng lượng, xử lý môi trường, các chi phí vận hành khác, ….
Chi phí bảo trì (CM): bao gồm các loại chi phí bảo trì thế hệ từ thứ 1 đến thứ 4, cho vật tư, dụng cụ, máy móc bảo trì và con người.
Chi phí ngừng máy (CS): đây là phần có thể chiếm đến 80% LCC, nhưng ít được biết đến, chiếm phần lớn trong chi phí bảo trì vô hình.
Chi phí chu kỳ sống thường được dùng để:
Làm cơ sở để lãnh đạo doanh nghiệp ra quyết định mua sắm máy móc, thiết bị.
Làm cơ sở để bộ phận bảo trì trong doanh nghiệp nhận ra cần cải tiến những gì để giảm LCC, nghĩa là giảm chi phí ngừng máy.
Làm cơ sở để những nhà cung cấp nhận ra cần cải tiến những gì để tăng độ tin cậy của máy móc, thiết bị nhằm giảm LCC, nghĩa là giảm chi phí ngừng máy cho khách hàng, là doanh nghiệp, cũng là tăng cơ hội để có hợp đồng với khách hàng.
1.1.4Chi phí thời gian ngừng máy
Chi phí thời gian ngừng máy (downtime), gọi tắt là chi phí ngừng máy, là những chi phí, thiệt hại, tổn thất phát sinh do ngừng máy và ảnh hưởng đến sản xuất và các hoạt động khác của một doanh nghiệp, công ty.
Các cơ sở công nghiệp lớn mất năng suất sản xuất hơn một ngày mỗi tháng và hàng trăm triệu đô la mỗi năm do hư hỏng máy, theo một báo cáo mới được công bố bởi Senseye, công ty quản lý sức khỏe máy móc được hỗ trợ bởi trí tuệ nhân tạo (AI).
Báo cáo chi phí thời gian ngừng máy thực chia sẻ những phát hiện từ một nghiên cứu về 72 công ty sản xuất và công nghiệp đa quốc gia lớn. Báo cáo tiết lộ rằng, trung bình, các nhà máy lớn mất 323 giờ sản xuất mỗi năm. Chi phí trung bình do mất doanh thu, phạt tài chính, thời gian nhân viên nhàn rỗi và khởi động lại dây chuyền là 532.000 USD/giờ, lên tới 172 triệu USD/nhà máy hàng năm.
Alexander Hill, giám đốc chiến lược toàn cầu của công ty Senseye, thuộc tập đoàn Siemens, nhận xét: “Thời gian ngừng máy ngoài kế hoạch là lời nguyền của ngành công nghiệp. Khi dây chuyền sản xuất và máy móc đắt tiền ngừng hoạt động, các tổ chức ngừng kiếm tiền và những khoản đầu tư đó bắt đầu gây tốn kém thay vì làm ra tiền. Chi phí có thể tăng vọt lên hơn 100.000 USD mỗi giờ đối với các nhà sản xuất lớn ở hầu hết các lĩnh vực công nghiệp”.
Jim Davison, giám đốc khu vực miền Nam nước Anh của Make UK, người đại diện cho các nhà sản xuất ở Anh, nhận xét: “Một trong những thách thức lớn nhất mà các nhà sản xuất phải đối mặt là làm sao giảm lượng thời gian ngừng máy ngoài dự kiến”.
Việc áp dụng số hoá công tác quản lý bảo trì tài sản sẽ giúp doanh nghiệp tiết kiệm được khoản lớn chi phí bảo trì và các thiệt hại do sự cố ngừng máy mang lại. Nếu doanh nghiệp khai thác tốt lợi ích công tác quản lý bảo trì thiết bị sẽ giúp doanh nghiệp tránh tình trạng gián đoạn sản xuất trong thời gian sớm nhất.
Generally speaking. The Seven Immortal Sects originally set the duration of the trial in Chaotic Demon Valley as one year, taking this factor into consideration.They seemed to find this place a bit embarrassing, so they avoided Qingyang from a distance and never returned to the table here.
Only then did everyone realize that the appearance of the phantom spider might have been intentional by the monster.There were several fierce battles in the inner courtyard competition, which greatly drained Qingyang s spirit.
It also made Qingyang s heart pound, and his blood boiled and he couldn t control himself.Knowing that he could not take Qingyang s sword formation, he had to bite the bullet and take it.
If he is a clay Bodhisattva crossing the river, everyone can wish for more blessings
There are many monsters in Does LifeHeal Hemp Gummies Work? the Yinfeng Gorge. In order to avoid being caught off guard when encountering monsters, Qingyang spread out a dozen ordinary alcoholic bees and distributed them within a few hundred feet in front, back, left, and right, warning them in How to Use Regen CBD Gummies for Maximum Benefits advance if there was any movement.
Although their methods were different, no one showed defeat, and the scene became deadlocked for a while.Lu Dingshan also understood the situation everyone was in.
The task for the day was over. The competition started on the second day, with ninety games every day, for a total of six days.Before Chen Biwang could answer, Guo Kaifeng said first, Lotus roots that grow in such an evil Potential Side Effects and Considerations place and are watered with blood are definitely not good things.
In order to save the head of the Tao family, Tao Zhengyou personally went to the Qingfeng Palace to invite three people from Chen Biwang.In other words, this time Liang Yudong had been blocked.
Speaking of other things, at least I will have Understanding Wyld CBD Hybrid Gummies a lot of talking points to brag about with others in the future.How can he win by then Not The Science Behind CBD Gummies and Anxiety Relief to mention that due to the forcible improvement of Tao Youcheng s cultivation, his soul and true energy are extremely unstable.
They were everywhere in the air, front, rear, left and right.There was a bang, the earth and rocks exploded, grass and trees flew everywhere, and the layer Understanding Green Roads CBD Gummies of armor on the outside of the forest piercing beast collapsed instantly, and The light and shadow on Guandao also became slightly dimmer.
On this day, Qingyang once again encountered a group of trial disciples.From now on, everyone will have a stable rear area, which can be used to attack, retreat, and defend.
The magic weapon A Closer Look at Gummies Infused with THC: Benefits and Considerations has been recognized as its owner and is connected to the monk s soul.Refining elixirs of the golden elixir stage and above requires elixirs that are hundreds or even thousands of years old, and it is too late to cultivate them now.
The current head of the outer courtyard, Qingxin Sanren, had received the care of Wuxin Sanren back then.The disciple was seriously injured and his foundation was destroyed.
Bad What are Relax CBD Gummies 1000mg? people, you are all bad people, don t bully my mother.Some people are capable at first glance. Although their cultivation is at the sixth level of Qi Refining, their aura is much higher than that of other disciples at the sixth level of Qi Refining.
Naturally, it is impossible for the Zhiwei San people to know everyone, but this time the Yin Yang Sect comes There were forty or fifty people.In order to be promoted to the level equivalent to the third level of foundation building, or even the middle stage of foundation building.
The halberd continued to rotate in the air, transforming into countless lights and shadows, forming a powerful halberd array and heading towards it.He knew that he could not be careless at this time, so he used his true energy to protect his vitals and deal with the living dead with all his strength.
He couldn t help but feel horrified in his heart. He was not sure whether he could block this sword formation, but he had just been chasing Qingyang and had already taken the initiative to retreat.He can no longer raise his head and can only live in anonymity for the rest of his life.
Not to mention anything else, just for Jiao Hong, I have repeatedly refused to be with him, and this time I The Science Behind CBD and THC robbed his things.Up to now, he is only at the third level of Qi refining.
The opponent s magic weapon. This golden eyed eagle can just flap its wings to rewind Akame s tongs.They should all be able to speak in the Tao family, but not as good as Tao Zhengyou and Tao Zhengyou.
It seemed that almost everyone nearby who should know about it already knew about it, and then there were those who were farther away.In addition, he got the alchemy Understanding Stimuli RX Gummies in front of the Qingfeng Palace from Elder Wu Si that time.
And the fingertips are as empty as dark, and the stars are floating, clearly possessing extremely abundant sword intent.After confirming that there were no other changes in the True Illusion Room , Gui Wujiu slowly exited the room and landed on the Martial Realm Star Platform.
Since then, in order to continue the inheritance, he has accepted six disciples one after another.Mood is mysterious and unpredictable. Regardless of whether it is the Nascent Soul Realm or the Near Path Realm, in fact, the first level Xuanyuan Huai is the clone created by Mr.
It s now As Feng Qing clenched his palms together, the twenty four invisible energy that seemed to be very loose, loose and vaguely formed seemed to accelerate suddenly, like thunder on the ground, How do Huuman CBD Gummies work? turning into a kind of attack and trapping the enemy.When it comes to breaking through the limits of the world of Ziwei, it may be difficult but returning to one s original nature and hiding others eyes and ears is exactly what Mr.
Among the Wood Spirit Tribe, the grand gathering resumed in the old place.Zhang Xuan followed closely behind him and flew for an unknown distance before stopping in front of a mountain peak.
Wouldn t it be nice to capture it How do Huuman CBD Gummies work? and use it as a mount What a pity
In Huang Xiyin s mouth, Gui Wujia sometimes called him Master and sometimes called him by his first name.Then the evolution of the situation is nothing more than two.
If it were another person here, the opportunity would not be available in person, it would be inexplicable Understanding Sleep Aid Gummies CBD and the mind would be floating.Mo Tianqing s expression and demeanor were completely the same as before he walked slowly to Huang Xiyin, leaned down and bowed, and said loudly Meet the Demon Lord.
His merits are one step closer to perfection, and he is roughly similar to Yu Xuanyang.But the invisible thing is also extremely powerful.
After this object solidified, it seemed to be an ethereal white wall of Qi.Taoist Master Yingyuan immediately said, How reasonable Long Yun and Feng Qing also listened attentively.
Not to mention the Fusion Realm, it is also of great use in the fight between Dingyuan Realm.Qin Menglin added The battle that was manifested just now, and even to this day Gui Wujiu is only equivalent to the so called sixth rotation realm of the Wood Spirit clan it is only through the secret method that it Top ED Pills on Amazon: A Comprehensive Guide has the combat power of the seventh rotation realm.
In Mr. Mood s opinion, the power of this thunder disaster is beyond the power of the lower realm s mountain gate array to withstand.He said leisurely No rush, no rush. At this moment, you How CBD 200mg Gummies Compare to Other CBD Products have actually won, haven t you At least, you are in an Notable Ingredient Quality and Sourcing invincible position
It s just that this victory is a little different from what you imagined.
He already has the macroscopic degree of Tui Xing Geography in his mind, and his ranking has suddenly been promoted to second place on the land list.Gui Wujiu is still standing there in good condition.
Wei Qingqi and Du Niansha looked at each other and seemed to understand what they should do.His eyes fixed on Shi Mo, and he slowly said Would you like
After only saying three words, Leng Hua s words came to an abrupt end, and at the same time, there was an undisguised look of surprise on his face the same At that time, in the clear sky, there were suddenly three thunders.
But for blame free, it means that the three wheel drive has been broken.It stands to reason that such a cloudless sky phenomenon, whether in various secret places, resorts, or among the sects and monsters, usually appears blue or dark blue less commonly, it may appear blue or black.
The realm of unique Shen Yun s insights is only above Mr.Within this period of time, all society leaders will be There is no difference at all on the first floor it is not appropriate to say so.
It is a pity that, except for the unshakable Three Lives Yin Yang Cave that connects the Benefits of Radiant Ease CBD Gummies three directions, almost all of the Yin Yang Cave Heavens that exist today were taken by Yingyuan Dao Zun.Yin Yang Dao Master has been enlightened for a long time, before Xian Dao and Ying Yuan.
The two golden tablets that were like phantoms and moved extremely quickly also greatly slowed down the speed of joining the dome.Are you going to Leave him to your little wife Jiang Minyi to deal with it herself, as the fruit of her achievements and a stepping stone.
As far as Qin Menglin is concerned, after refining the Three Lives Yin and Yang Cave Heaven to create a treasure, even if its foundation is inferior to that of the treasure after the dome converges, I m afraid it won t be too different.The Qi characteristics of Xuanyuan Huai that uniquely belonged to the Eight Swords of Chenyang suddenly disappeared.
But this golden thunder and lightning is different from the thunder and lightning produced by the thunder array.But not to mention the value of the elixir for regenerating severed limbs, it will take a long time for the new arms to grow back after the severed limbs are regenerated to reach the level of the original arms.
In the five cubic storage bag, there are some ordinary spiritual objects such as Bigu Pill, and important things are placed in the computer room space.Wang, the bodyguard, knows that the medicinal materials in the prescription are difficult to obtain, otherwise there would be no need to put in so much effort and he could just find someone to solve it.
Li Shiming jumped over the spiritual furnace first, and he saw the jade slip.He thought of the Ten Directions Sword Cultivation Technique and the Nine Heavens Thunder Strike Technique , which were better than the sect s techniques.
Li Shiming sensed Ren Feier s movement and did not stop it.He has a strong talent in formations Yin Shilan hesitated before replying.
Among the Red Sun Bears, there is a small chance that there will be Red Sun Bears with accompanying spiritual fire.It was impossible for him to fight to the death with Ge Tianqing.
Li Yuanba made it clear this time that he was going to the predetermined location, a position close to the Zhengdao defense line.But these thirty breaths of flying made him see the terrifying aspects of sword cultivation.
The only thing that is barely useful is the jade slip.Once their minds are controlled by the Life Calling Sanskrit Sound , they will no longer be able to control the high grade magic weapon shield to resist the attack of the mid grade magic weapon Gatling.
Uncle Ma, no, it should be called Master Ma now, was quite a feat.Even in this situation, the Beishu Qi Refining monk was still able to escape from the two people, which shows that the defense of his protective treasure is very strong.
It would be great to be able to save some spirit stones.The crime of attacking Zhenzhuan is not a small one.
Yin Shilan knew some things about Qianhuan Sect because Liang Yexuan came to tell her.He took out three talismans. Each of the three talismans had the power of The Science Behind CBD Gummies a full blow in the early stage of foundation building.
Along with Gu Jia came Patriarch Liu, and Dali Temple was sealed off.True disciples are at Understanding ED and CBD least the entry level disciples of Elder Jindan of the sect
With such an identity, it is not a lie to say that killing two large sect User Reviews and Feedback monks of the same level is just a price.
This woman s name is Song Yingwan, and she is also a senior formation master of Tianhai Sect.But they underestimated Senluo Sect s determination to deal with those who dared to provoke.
You can arrange formations in advance to protect yourself.Thinking about how she was able to buy a spiritual weapon like the Diyin Mie Dao Qin from the auction, how could it be possible without some capital.
Li Shiming had his own calculations in mind. None of the books here were exercises, they were all spell books, and those that could be put up for sale would not be powerful spells.Being able to User Reviews and Real-Life Examples have such an effect already makes him Extremely satisfied.
The senior brother did some calculations and then said Based on the output of one hundred kilograms of spiritual rice per mu of spiritual field, you need to hand over 750 kilograms of spiritual rice every year.He regretted it a little. He should have been further away from the island.
If you want to choose, this is Changming Island. There are 300,000 mortals on the island.In addition, he also needs to keep some spiritual stones to wait for news about the three spiritual medicines from Qiutan.
This time, Brother Zhu Ji explained in great detail.The area in Beishu is much larger than he imagined.
he asked aloud
Don t take out the spiritual fire before you have completed the elixir.You must know that the Secret Code of Sword Demon is to cultivate a golden elixir stage magic weapon long sword.
With the formation s cover, no one could detect the monitoring probes without the slightest fluctuation of spiritual Real Users, Real Results: Pure Kana CBD Gummies Reviews energy.More importantly, there are left and right ear rooms next to the main room, and a back room behind it, which is surrounded by four guards and suitable for protection by four guards.
Li Shiming looked at him, determination flashed in his eyes.As for the murderous intent that was approaching in the distance, it could no longer get closer.
I hope Mr. Wang will stick to his oath Li Shiming put away the prescription and looked at him deeply.This contract took great care of him, ensuring his interests while minimizing his possible troubles.
If the materials for making talismans were not available, the number of talismans he made would be even greater.The Inverted Nine Palaces and Bagua Array was slightly shaken, and then the monks from the seven sects in the array felt that the range of the Inverted Nine Palaces and Bagua Array had expanded tens of meters forward.
Congratulations, young master, you won the Asian Yuan in the imperial examination Mo Yan, the young man, shouted outside the study.We suspect that the monks who came this time are related to the monks who destroyed the Hao family half a year ago Patriarch Liu continued.
Having a cave in Jiu Peak can better serve the sect Li Shiming naturally would not answer honestly.
After about a hundred feet, he finally reached the end.It is better to admit defeat in time. It seems that this pre selection qualification has no chance of Crouching Tiger City.
Coupled with the hundreds of preparations and auxiliary medicines, so much energy is finally compressed into this small pill.The king is much taller, and his true form is said to be a crested ibis.
Seeing that Fuliu Ghost King s attack had arrived, the One Horned Ghost King knew that it would be too late if he tried to deal with it, so he quickly took a few steps back and waved his hand at the same time.The reason why the Qingling Demon King is different from other demon kings is said to be because he contains a trace of true spirit blood in his body.
As soon as he spoke, the minds of others were also aroused.Now that Lord Shifu is dead and even the Lingfu Sect will be destroyed by them, there is nothing to worry about.
Baimei Ghost King, the master of the super powerful Ten Kings Palace, is one of the ten giants in this area.In the past, Qingyang had a hard time winning against Fuliu Ghost King s entourage of the fourth level of What to Look for in a CBD Gummie for Sleep Nascent Soul.
If Qingyang hadn t been strong and patient enough, and had been practicing the Concentration Technique taught to him by the One Horned Ghost King for many years, his spiritual thoughts would have been much stronger than those of monks of the same level.For a moment, Qingyang and the Iron armed Monkey were forced back step by step by the demonic dragon.
However, Qingyang also considered the disadvantages.I wonder if what I said is right After hearing what the One horned Ghost King said, everyone present Everyone, including Qingyang, understood that it turned out that what happened to the One horned Ghost King was caused by people from the Thousand Buddhas Cave.
Hearing Huanxi At the Ghost King s words, the Pot bellied Ghost King chuckled twice, almost breaking the sedan chair beneath him, and said Haha, I have such a great appetite, there is nothing I can do about it.Alchemists like it. it s hard to say for others. In addition to these, the slightly higher value ones are the dragon s horn root that Qingyang got some time ago and the spiritual wine that he has collected for many years.
The surrounding area was so big that it was not easy to find Qingyang.They felt that they missed the opportunity to show their loyalty to the Fuso Ghost King.
It acts entirely on instinct, with only animal nature and no humanity.I don t know how long it took, but the giant ghost king slowly said Long browed ghost king, I know that more than six million ghost stones cannot impress you.
Only the alchemy furnace in the middle looked very extraordinary.She was almost seven hundred years old, but she also wanted to give the All Souls Association a try.
It is impossible for the Yuanying monk to survive until now.However, if he can exchange this guy s life for huge benefits, he can still consider it.
However, Qingyang felt that not only had his cultivation level improved, but he had also become sharper and brighter.There is no guarantee which side will win. The other ghost kings in the stands also seemed to understand this.
Qingyang smiled and said, What a coincidence. I am Wu Laosan, the third son of the Wu family in Chujiang City.What I didn t expect was that this guy could accidentally hit him.
Many of them have been active near Tianjia Village throughout their lives and have been to Jinji Ridge.if you deal with the The Benefits of Natural Bliss CBD Gummies for ED monks in the venue casually in front of Zhenjun Yaoyue, the Lord of Jiuxian City, it will not look good on other people s faces.
The unknown is the most important thing. It was so scary that he thought it would be best to leave as soon as possible.In an instant, Qingyang had made up his mind to risk being scratched in exchange for the Five Elements Sword Formation s trauma to the female ghost.
One horned Ghost King He said coldly Do you really think that this is all I can do as a dignified cultivator Do I need to use deception to deal with you, a Nascent Soul cultivator It s just that other methods are more troublesome to use I don t want to waste that effort, and you You have already reached the end of your strength.
but he didn t know the situation, Qingyang walked very slowly.However, the strength of Fuliu Ghost King had not changed much, so he could barely withstand the two attacks in turn
This is strange. Could it be that the Giant Ghost King and the Long Eyebrow Ghost King couldn t bear to kill the Fuliu Ghost King and deliberately conserved their strength when they attacked But this scene doesn t look like it.
The smaller the number left, the higher the value, not to mention the long eyebrows.Master Yuan Zhu was somewhat unreasonable in doing this, but seeing that his master really liked the space gourd, he forced Qingyang out of conscience, hoping that Qingyang would retreat in spite of the difficulties and take the initiative to give up IX. Bonus Section: CBD Gummies Near Me the free gourd, but he didn t expect that Qingyang s attitude is so tough, he disagrees, and his master Chiye Zhenjun speaks so unfavorably, how can User Reviews and Real-Life Experiences he not become angry x When things have reached this level, Zhenren Yuanzhu is already riding a tiger, and he is a golden elixir perfection monk , with the Nascent Soul cultivator as his backer, and a local snake in Chujiang City, it would be even more shameless to compromise with a ninth level Jindan cultivator.
Qingyang can only barely suppress Lord Shifu, but the Iron armed Monkey is already in danger and may lose at any time.With so many people united, they can fight even if they encounter a monk in the middle stage of the Golden Core.
Besides, Elder Wusi doesn t have many years left to live.Although everyone wants to know what these people are doing to fight for this piece of ten thousand year old realgar, and what agreement they have secretly reached in the end, but because these people have done a very good job of keeping secrets and have not leaked anything, everyone is naturally concerned about this.
The token of the master of the first hall can command all the ghost cultivators in the ten kings hall.It s just that this method is too cruel and can only be used once, so you must be careful when using it.
Not only the Nascent Soul monks and Golden Core monks, but also countless monks below the Foundation Establishment monks, regardless of the strength gap between Expert Opinions on Hemp Gummies 300 mg the two Benefits of CBD Gummies sides.What greeted Lin Bei was a dashing young woman in black uniform 268268330 Even wearing standard clothes can t hide her curvy and curvy figure, but it adds a different kind of temptation.
He lost almost everything, and he didn t care about this loss.By the time they actually find out that they have been deceived, the scammer has already fled.
They were originally just subordinates and hall masters of the Blood Demon Sect.
