“Bảo trì lạc hậu và ngừngmáy gây thiệt hại lớn, ảnh hưởng đáng kể đến
sự phát triển bền vững của doanh nghiệp”
1. Chi phí bảo trì
Trong bảo trì hiện đại, chi phí bảo trì gồm hai thành phần: chi phí bảo trì trực tiếp (còn gọi là chi phí bảo trì hữu hình hay chi phí ẩn) và chi phí bảo trì gián tiếp (còn gọi là chi phí bảo trì vô hình).
1.1.Chi phí bảo trì trực tiếp
Chi phí bảo trì trực tiếp được dùng để chi trả trực tiếp và lưu lại trong hồ sơ kế toán của công ty, bao gồm:
Chi phí cho lương nhân viên.
Chi phí cho thưởng nhân viên.
Chi phí cho đào tạo, huấn luyện.
Chi phí cho quản lý bảo trì.
Chi phí cho vật tư bảo trì.
Chi phí cho dụng cụ bảo trì.
Chi phí cho thiết bị bảo trì.
Chi phí cho thuê ngoài dịch vụ bảo trì.
Chi phí cho cải tiến thiết bị.
1.2Chi phí bảo trì gián tiếp
Chi phí bảo trì gián tiếp là những khoản chi phí doanh nghiệp phải trả hoặc mất đi vì các tổn thất, thiệt hại khi ngừng máy. Chi phí này phần lớn là từ chi phí thời gian ngừng máy.
1.3.Chi phí chu kỳ sống
Chi phí chu kỳ sống (Life Cycle Costs – LCC) bao gồm tất cả chi phí mà doanh nghiệp phải trả hoặc mất đi từ lúc mua máy đến khi thanh lý máy.
Chi phí chu kỳ sống thường bằng từ 4 đến 40 lần giá mua máy ban đầu, vì vậy ở các nước và doanh nghiệp có hiểu biết, khi đầu tư ban đầu vào mua máy mới người ta sẽ tính LCC của những nhà cung cấp khác nhau và ra quyết định mua máy của nhà cung cấp nào có LCC thấp nhất.
LCC được tính như sau:
LCC = CI + NY (CO + CM + CS)
Trong đó:
Chi phí đầu tư (CI): bao gồm chi phí mua máy hoặc hệ thống thiết bị; chi phí đầu tư cho hạ tầng phục vụ vận hành máy; chi phí cho đào tạo và huấn luyện; chi phí cho tài liệu kỹ thuật; chi phí cho phụ tùng thay thế; …
Số năm (NY): số năm dự kiến sử dụng máy cho đến khi thanh lý
Chi phí vận hành (CO): bao gồm chi phí cho vật tư, con người, năng lượng, xử lý môi trường, các chi phí vận hành khác, ….
Chi phí bảo trì (CM): bao gồm các loại chi phí bảo trì thế hệ từ thứ 1 đến thứ 4, cho vật tư, dụng cụ, máy móc bảo trì và con người.
Chi phí ngừng máy (CS): đây là phần có thể chiếm đến 80% LCC, nhưng ít được biết đến, chiếm phần lớn trong chi phí bảo trì vô hình.
Chi phí chu kỳ sống thường được dùng để:
Làm cơ sở để lãnh đạo doanh nghiệp ra quyết định mua sắm máy móc, thiết bị.
Làm cơ sở để bộ phận bảo trì trong doanh nghiệp nhận ra cần cải tiến những gì để giảm LCC, nghĩa là giảm chi phí ngừng máy.
Làm cơ sở để những nhà cung cấp nhận ra cần cải tiến những gì để tăng độ tin cậy của máy móc, thiết bị nhằm giảm LCC, nghĩa là giảm chi phí ngừng máy cho khách hàng, là doanh nghiệp, cũng là tăng cơ hội để có hợp đồng với khách hàng.
1.1.4Chi phí thời gian ngừng máy
Chi phí thời gian ngừng máy (downtime), gọi tắt là chi phí ngừng máy, là những chi phí, thiệt hại, tổn thất phát sinh do ngừng máy và ảnh hưởng đến sản xuất và các hoạt động khác của một doanh nghiệp, công ty.
Các cơ sở công nghiệp lớn mất năng suất sản xuất hơn một ngày mỗi tháng và hàng trăm triệu đô la mỗi năm do hư hỏng máy, theo một báo cáo mới được công bố bởi Senseye, công ty quản lý sức khỏe máy móc được hỗ trợ bởi trí tuệ nhân tạo (AI).
Báo cáo chi phí thời gian ngừng máy thực chia sẻ những phát hiện từ một nghiên cứu về 72 công ty sản xuất và công nghiệp đa quốc gia lớn. Báo cáo tiết lộ rằng, trung bình, các nhà máy lớn mất 323 giờ sản xuất mỗi năm. Chi phí trung bình do mất doanh thu, phạt tài chính, thời gian nhân viên nhàn rỗi và khởi động lại dây chuyền là 532.000 USD/giờ, lên tới 172 triệu USD/nhà máy hàng năm.
Alexander Hill, giám đốc chiến lược toàn cầu của công ty Senseye, thuộc tập đoàn Siemens, nhận xét: “Thời gian ngừng máy ngoài kế hoạch là lời nguyền của ngành công nghiệp. Khi dây chuyền sản xuất và máy móc đắt tiền ngừng hoạt động, các tổ chức ngừng kiếm tiền và những khoản đầu tư đó bắt đầu gây tốn kém thay vì làm ra tiền. Chi phí có thể tăng vọt lên hơn 100.000 USD mỗi giờ đối với các nhà sản xuất lớn ở hầu hết các lĩnh vực công nghiệp”.
Jim Davison, giám đốc khu vực miền Nam nước Anh của Make UK, người đại diện cho các nhà sản xuất ở Anh, nhận xét: “Một trong những thách thức lớn nhất mà các nhà sản xuất phải đối mặt là làm sao giảm lượng thời gian ngừng máy ngoài dự kiến”.
Việc áp dụng số hoá công tác quản lý bảo trì tài sản sẽ giúp doanh nghiệp tiết kiệm được khoản lớn chi phí bảo trì và các thiệt hại do sự cố ngừng máy mang lại. Nếu doanh nghiệp khai thác tốt lợi ích công tác quản lý bảo trì thiết bị sẽ giúp doanh nghiệp tránh tình trạng gián đoạn sản xuất trong thời gian sớm nhất.
His crow green sixth level top grade robe was punctured, and blood flowed out.This is because he often comes into contact with spiritual herbs and elixirs, which invisibly obscures his feelings in Xishan, the southern border of Wu State.
He then used the rejuvenation technique to treat it, and it healed as before in the blink of an eye.Instead, he drove his sword light directly to Qu Rou s residence based on the map and jade slips Qu Rou left for him.
The authorities are confused , but the bystanders know clearly.The original arrogance has now become a joke in the eyes of everyone The second brother was like this, and Zhuo Lao Qi Zhuo Wuchan was beaten back by the sword spirit puppet that was suddenly summoned.
Ye Ling walked up to the Blue Demon Sect Master with his hands behind his back and expressionless, and the demons in the Demon Sealing Diagram also cooperated really well.Ye Ling also followed Su Wan off the float, carrying several storage bags filled with Zuihua wine, pretending to be a follower, and glanced at the pass of Moyun Village.
I have learned the lesson, and I will also do it in the future.They all looked at them with wide eyes. Some of them recognized the person who was Elder Ye and couldn t help but open their mouths.
Deep in the Tianfeng Gorge, there are many seventh level monsters, which you can t face.Even if they encountered monks along the way, whether they were casual cultivators, bandits, Wuzhou officers and soldiers, or even monsters in the wilderness, they all gave way to them.
He had long heard Wei Tong s loud shouting, but did not respond, and secretly sighed in his heart.My elder brother and I have no worse spiritual root qualifications than you, and we are only at the seventh level of building peace.
If he looked forward and backward, wouldn t he be ridiculed by his colleagues Okay The three of us will carry the big trouble It s nothing more than turning the East China Sea upside down.He has collected a lot of spiritual stones Fortunately, he has the nerve to give us a monthly salary of only one high grade spiritual stone.
Liang Yuzhu lay on the wind sculpture, facing the strong wind, and looked back, and was shocked to find that the blood glow was approaching Cold sweat trickled down from her forehead and temples, and she exclaimed Elder brother, the situation is not good The sword light of the golden elixir demon cultivator is too fast, even faster than the master s wooden flying sword Wang Shiyuan also felt it The pressing spiritual pressure made his heart sink.
All the monks in Moxiang Ye Ling was shocked. He made the elixir to cope with the disaster, and finally alerted the Yuanying old monster in the city.They did not dare to approach the great city lord and the ancestors of the nine immortal sects.
We can drive straight into Huanhai Palace Just when Ye Ling led the four golden elixir spirit beasts, they left the illusion of Jishuitan and rushed to the Fantasy Sea Palace.Red Lotus Fairy snorted coldly I see you little bastards know each other, that s all When I wake up this time, I m really a little bored.
Coupled with these hundreds of Wuzhou officers and soldiers, just you and me, I m afraid we won t be able to resist for long.Grandmaster Ye, you can stay at Chaoyang Peak for one night and leave tomorrow morning.
Feng Ling and Xiao Xing er immediately looked excited and excited.The disciples of He s Immortal Cultivation Family and Feihua Sect also dispersed and stared from a distance, forming an encirclement situation.
It was a pity that Sikou heard the geese call three times in a row, but no one answered in the quiet room, which made her a little annoyed.swallowing pills to replenish mana, Hongtang and Xiaotao are no exception.
Seeing that the sun was gradually turning to the west, Ye Ling, Bingdie and the Catfish Demon all emerged from the sea, looking around to observe what was happening on Luokui Island.They watched helplessly as the palace door was sealed by a talisman.
Amid the laughter of his senior brother, he didn t feel embarrassed to try it and threw it into his storage bag.Foundation building monks rush in Those with too high cultivation levels such as the Ruxi Golden Pill will face stronger and weirder mountain winds, and will not be able to rush in no matter what while those with too low cultivation bases will not be able to fly with swords.
When they arrived outside the city gate, Ye Ling specially left the four daughters Hongtang, Xiaotao, Yuming and Qingwan behind, and said that he had something important to discuss with his senior brother and second senior sister.In addition, every time Ye Ling kills a demon crab, the wind flag can also summon the soul and directly sweep away the demon crab.
At the fourth watch of the day, the two of them arrived at the sea of flowers in Zuihua Manor
Although it was late at night, under the moonlight, Miss Qu Er saw the spiritual flowers and grasses all over the mountains and Discover the Best CBD Gummies Wyld - Strawberry, Marionberry, and Blackberry Options
plains, shimmering under the moonlight, and couldn t help but admire What a beautiful sea of flowers It turns out that Brother Ye s cousin lives here.
Zhuo Wujun accepted the order and hurried away regardless of the injuries on his body.With a smile on his face, he agreed Hey, what did Master Su say That s it For your sake, your cousin is my brother Let him work for me.
Later, when Ye Ling rescued him, he borrowed money from him and obtained the secrets of the Shadow Array, the Hundred Talisman Array, and the Eight Door Golden Lock, and benefited a lot from him.
Jiang Yuebai left him the Qi blood pills and bone forging pills needed to practice the Nine Transformations of the Golden Body.Seeing Jiang Yuebai s serious expression, Bai Jiuyou knew that she was not joking.
Forget it, it s best not to encounter her. I ll find a way to escape by myself.The strong air flow surged around, and Dongqiao, Tianyou and Fuyu were forced back by the violent force.
Jiang Yuebai stayed in the lobby of Shanhai Tower for a while, and after sacrificing the crescent moon pendant, he transformed into an ordinary male cultivator and left Chaosheng Island.This miasma is not poisonous. It will pass if you endure it for a while.
After she pieced together and modified it hundreds of times, she finally found that her familiarity with the formation map came from the runes containing the small teleportation array.Childish Jiang Yuebai patted the petals off his clothes and left the valley to visit the little Winter Workouts That Make You Lose Weight the Fastest
grass and tree demons he had been with for half a year in the Ten Thousand Woods Forest.
Don t worry, thank you, junior brother, you will definitely live up to your trust Deep in Fulong Mountain.The cultivation level of this rain dragon is not high, only the middle stage of Nascent Soul, but as the ninth of the ten divine dragons, the power of the dragon is not weak.
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them dealing with the two monks from the Azure Dragon Realm together was still vivid in his mind.Lu Nanzhi was always on guard from behind. After walking like this for about a day, the two finally walked out of the narrow gorge and came to an open area underground.
In fact, if he With all our strength, we may not be able to defeat Fu Yi and take the first place in Tianyan Sect s Yuanying.No one could see his expression, only his cold and firm voice could be heard.
It was like an ice thorn, covered with sharp thorns, exuding a sharp and dangerous aura.She must tell Jiang Yuebai all this, now, immediately Jing Chujun sacrificed the secret treasure body protection given by his grandmother, and withstood the pressure of the calamity thunder, increasing his speed to the extreme.
The sighs on the island continued day by day. stop.Meow squeak Above the fighting arena, Yu Qiuchi, Gongsun Zhu and the other Jindan masters looked at each other, and Yu Qiuchi was also a little eager to try.
She shouldn t have made this pit
right There was no human habitation as far as the eye could see, and there was no trace of Lu Nanzhi and Xie Jingshan.Lu Nazhi laughed, Why are you Finding Relief with CBD Gummies to Sleep: A Comprehensive Guide
like Xie Jingshan What s the comparison Cultivation is your own business, so just compare yourself with yourself.
Except for a golden thunder bead that it stole, everything went well and seven people were successfully surrounded and killed.A small insect in the corpse had no time to escape and was crushed into powder.
They are just for life saving things. There is nothing to feel bad about.A mouthful of blood spurted out, and she flew backwards with Bai Jiuyou, hitting the deep pit below.
Jiang Yuebai was confused and found it difficult to think clearly.The little demons and spiritual beasts hiding under the old banyan tree cheered and ran out to play on the green grass.
His soul was in severe pain and his face wrinkled up.The green light faced the avalanche upwards. On the small palace lantern, the blazing flames formed a sea of fire.
Wu Ba was amazed when he saw these farming puppets, I didn t expect that spiritual fields can be cultivated without people now.Jiang Yuebai saw Ge Yuchan asking Xiao Lu for help, smashing the surrounding Wanzai Xuanbing and putting it away.
Jiang Yuebai frowned, That Poyun Chong has the logo of the Qinglong Realm on it, if you had done it before If you haven t told him anything about the Azure Dragon Realm, then he must have discovered the sign Po Yun Chong came to and wants to test your status in the Azure Dragon Realm.Jiang Yuebai took some pictures of Xie Jingshan. Escape Talisman, scanned the surroundings, there were traces of excavation all Transform Your Mornings: Very Healthy Breakfast Recipes to Lose Weight Without Eggs
over the mountain wall, there were no spiritual stones or slag left.
The sound of heavenly calamity dissipated in her ears, and Zhao Fuyi succeeded in transforming into a god.She came back only two years later and she had already formed a core How old is Are CBD Gummies Legitimate? Understanding the Facts and Finding Trustworthy Brands
she Start practicing at the age of six, build the foundation at the age of fifteen, and create the golden elixir at the age of twenty nine This kind of speed is not so fast in Tianyan Sect, even the ancestor Hong Tao simply couldn t believe that Jiang Yuebai was the Five Spiritual Roots, or the Five Spiritual Roots that he had measured personally.
Of course Yin Shanyue nodded and said with a smile I didn t see anything and I didn t hear anything.What When Yinshan Yue and other warriors saw this, they immediately looked at Luo Chen like a fool.
He also wanted to take this opportunity to suppress Luo Chen and vent his anger on King Wei s behalf.Listening to Ning Ling s polite but still cold words, and what happened just now, Luo Chen didn t have a good impression of this woman I m sorry, this piece of patterned steel is of great use to me.
So, without any hurry, he walked slowly towards the alley.The person holding the rope on the left was a young team member named Zhou Beichu.
Seeing this, Luo Chen shouted coldly Fight Kill Upon hearing the order, the bodyguards immediately drew their swords and killed those people in Murong Villa.It seems that the young man already knew who wanted to kill him.
You can tell with your butt that the old man who looked like an ordinary man had a higher status than the gray robed old man at the top level.But soon, the middle aged shopkeeper reacted. After confirming that the token was correct, the smile on his face immediately returned Young Master, wait a moment I will immediately arrange for someone to take the young master to the room.
Besides, at the critical moment, , I saved your Ziwu Villa.Luo familiar with Miss Jin s family If you want Huangquan water, you can ask her.
With a fierce look in his eyes, Cao Yun s escape speed increased a bit.To the point of murder. When Luo Zhennan heard this, he thought and analyzed The Sanhe Gang was wiped out.
Purple Mist Guards The martial artists chasing behind looked at the clothes of the army in front.After getting off the carriage, Mr. Qin took Luo Chen directly to the third floor.
Without any hesitation, Luo Chen flashed in directly in front of the two guards.Murong Yu took a deep breath secretly, suppressed the anger in his heart, turned to look at Luo Chen, and growled Boy Do you really want that one hundred thousand taels of silver notes Really Don t forget the friendship between our two families One hundred thousand taels of silver is not a small amount.
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away with the corpse suddenly fell from the Iron headed Wolf to the ground.The Dragon and Tiger Gang This is one of the top forces besides the eight martial arts sects, but it is a subordinate force of others.
Only three of those five were identified. The old man in white shirt with a broken arm is the one who fought with you.Four plants came out. Luo Chen thought about it and realized that he wanted all four medicinal herbs, but such precious medicinal herbs must be expensive, so he could only buy the ones he urgently needed.
So, but there was still a disappointed look on his face.Yeah It s good to know The two teams smiled meaningfully, walked quickly to Xiaopang, and then surrounded him.
Here it comes What else did Shen Tucan want to ask Luo Chen suddenly bent his bow and nocked an arrow, shooting an arrow into the darkness to the east.Today, the Jin family s small stand is much wider, and there are already three people sitting at a table in the middle.
You two go and prepare well. The shipyard and Longwei Escort Bureau will be up soon.Of course I know this is the fourth child s token One eye had a sullen face and roared at the big man who spoke loudly.
What if it was different from what he imagined And
even if it does have an impact. Isn t there still tomorrow It s always a good idea to take an extra day.I would like to ask if I have the intention to convert to Taoism and enter the Tianshi Mansion.
The strength of muscles and bones The power of blood This is the power of the physical body Lin Beichen was shocked to realize that the role of martial arts is not only to strengthen the body and reach the first state of the metal element.Classmate Lin Beichen, Statistical Proof: Mounjaro’s Weight Loss Before and After Pictures Tell a Story of Success
please wear this and wait until you arrive in Snake Eye State to turn on this camera.
yes Under the close watch of the leaders of the Security Bureau.He answered the video call. Suddenly The three roommates appeared on the video call interface, and the expressions on their faces were full of concern.
Since the world may exist Chaos, then everyone should be the same.Sun Dewang and the other police officers groped forward following the footprints of the dozen or so people on CBD Oil Online: The Ultimate Weight Loss Partner for 500+ Women in the US – Their 2025 Success Stories
the ground, not daring to be careless in the slightest, for fear that someone who was not paying attention would follow
and meet this group of traffickers again. That would not only be embarrassing
but also fatal At this time, a police officer raised his head and glanced at the sky and muttered Look at this, the sky will clear up soon.
Once this concept appeared, he visualized the two inexplicable powers appearing in the swelling position, and his thoughts suddenly became as vast as the ocean.No
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on the body has disappeared Although he had expected it, Lin Beichen was still extremely excited.
The dark clouds were thick and calm, with occasional small arcs of electricity flashing from them.Studio. After this period of accumulation, the number of real time viewers has increased to more than a thousand.
For a moment, it doesn t matter whether the account of this media account is large or small
as long as it is live broadcasting the situation in the area near Jingli Mountain.Two people followed him, The Surprising Benefits of Drinking Bragg’s Apple Cider Vinegar
unhurt. However, compared to their physical state, their mental state seemed even worse.
Daxia, Security Bureau. Large conference room. The leaders of the Security Bureau were all sitting at the conference table, all with serious expressions.After all, the more people there are, the greater the probability that someone inside will succeed.
If he could escape from the car, he might not be caught by the police, so he got angry and rolled up his sleeves to reveal his flowery arms, and took them out from his waist.You can even vaguely see the internal organs inside through this gap Red blood dripped out from the gap.
Hao Jianhua organized his thoughts and looked at the Internet attentively.The gold element also has its own characteristics, sharp and chilling At this moment, they are scattered all over the body.
Bullfrog, Bullfrog, has perfect scores in all subjects, so strong The first top scorer in all subjects was in Dongshan Province.The road is long and long, and I will search high and low.
To commend you for your support to the country. No way, no way.Okay, Mr. Yahan. Zhou Tiezhu watched Yahan leave. And just him.
The captain of the intelligence investigation detachment, Hu Deguang, hurriedly walked in and broke the brief silence.The man retracted his gaze, quietly retracted the dagger hidden in his sleeve, and muttered It seems that we can only find How Kevin James Lost 60 Pounds by Fasting for 41 Days
another opportunity later.
When I went in, I saw Lin Beichen lying on the ground, shaking all over.Too much is not enough Lin Beichen will not let the same mistake be made twice.
Even though he was panting in a black suit, a large water stain could still be seen through his bowed back.