“Bảo trì lạc hậu và ngừngmáy gây thiệt hại lớn, ảnh hưởng đáng kể đến
sự phát triển bền vững của doanh nghiệp”
1. Chi phí bảo trì
Trong bảo trì hiện đại, chi phí bảo trì gồm hai thành phần: chi phí bảo trì trực tiếp (còn gọi là chi phí bảo trì hữu hình hay chi phí ẩn) và chi phí bảo trì gián tiếp (còn gọi là chi phí bảo trì vô hình).
1.1.Chi phí bảo trì trực tiếp
Chi phí bảo trì trực tiếp được dùng để chi trả trực tiếp và lưu lại trong hồ sơ kế toán của công ty, bao gồm:
Chi phí cho lương nhân viên.
Chi phí cho thưởng nhân viên.
Chi phí cho đào tạo, huấn luyện.
Chi phí cho quản lý bảo trì.
Chi phí cho vật tư bảo trì.
Chi phí cho dụng cụ bảo trì.
Chi phí cho thiết bị bảo trì.
Chi phí cho thuê ngoài dịch vụ bảo trì.
Chi phí cho cải tiến thiết bị.
1.2Chi phí bảo trì gián tiếp
Chi phí bảo trì gián tiếp là những khoản chi phí doanh nghiệp phải trả hoặc mất đi vì các tổn thất, thiệt hại khi ngừng máy. Chi phí này phần lớn là từ chi phí thời gian ngừng máy.
1.3.Chi phí chu kỳ sống
Chi phí chu kỳ sống (Life Cycle Costs – LCC) bao gồm tất cả chi phí mà doanh nghiệp phải trả hoặc mất đi từ lúc mua máy đến khi thanh lý máy.
Chi phí chu kỳ sống thường bằng từ 4 đến 40 lần giá mua máy ban đầu, vì vậy ở các nước và doanh nghiệp có hiểu biết, khi đầu tư ban đầu vào mua máy mới người ta sẽ tính LCC của những nhà cung cấp khác nhau và ra quyết định mua máy của nhà cung cấp nào có LCC thấp nhất.
LCC được tính như sau:
LCC = CI + NY (CO + CM + CS)
Trong đó:
Chi phí đầu tư (CI): bao gồm chi phí mua máy hoặc hệ thống thiết bị; chi phí đầu tư cho hạ tầng phục vụ vận hành máy; chi phí cho đào tạo và huấn luyện; chi phí cho tài liệu kỹ thuật; chi phí cho phụ tùng thay thế; …
Số năm (NY): số năm dự kiến sử dụng máy cho đến khi thanh lý
Chi phí vận hành (CO): bao gồm chi phí cho vật tư, con người, năng lượng, xử lý môi trường, các chi phí vận hành khác, ….
Chi phí bảo trì (CM): bao gồm các loại chi phí bảo trì thế hệ từ thứ 1 đến thứ 4, cho vật tư, dụng cụ, máy móc bảo trì và con người.
Chi phí ngừng máy (CS): đây là phần có thể chiếm đến 80% LCC, nhưng ít được biết đến, chiếm phần lớn trong chi phí bảo trì vô hình.
Chi phí chu kỳ sống thường được dùng để:
Làm cơ sở để lãnh đạo doanh nghiệp ra quyết định mua sắm máy móc, thiết bị.
Làm cơ sở để bộ phận bảo trì trong doanh nghiệp nhận ra cần cải tiến những gì để giảm LCC, nghĩa là giảm chi phí ngừng máy.
Làm cơ sở để những nhà cung cấp nhận ra cần cải tiến những gì để tăng độ tin cậy của máy móc, thiết bị nhằm giảm LCC, nghĩa là giảm chi phí ngừng máy cho khách hàng, là doanh nghiệp, cũng là tăng cơ hội để có hợp đồng với khách hàng.
1.1.4Chi phí thời gian ngừng máy
Chi phí thời gian ngừng máy (downtime), gọi tắt là chi phí ngừng máy, là những chi phí, thiệt hại, tổn thất phát sinh do ngừng máy và ảnh hưởng đến sản xuất và các hoạt động khác của một doanh nghiệp, công ty.
Các cơ sở công nghiệp lớn mất năng suất sản xuất hơn một ngày mỗi tháng và hàng trăm triệu đô la mỗi năm do hư hỏng máy, theo một báo cáo mới được công bố bởi Senseye, công ty quản lý sức khỏe máy móc được hỗ trợ bởi trí tuệ nhân tạo (AI).
Báo cáo chi phí thời gian ngừng máy thực chia sẻ những phát hiện từ một nghiên cứu về 72 công ty sản xuất và công nghiệp đa quốc gia lớn. Báo cáo tiết lộ rằng, trung bình, các nhà máy lớn mất 323 giờ sản xuất mỗi năm. Chi phí trung bình do mất doanh thu, phạt tài chính, thời gian nhân viên nhàn rỗi và khởi động lại dây chuyền là 532.000 USD/giờ, lên tới 172 triệu USD/nhà máy hàng năm.
Alexander Hill, giám đốc chiến lược toàn cầu của công ty Senseye, thuộc tập đoàn Siemens, nhận xét: “Thời gian ngừng máy ngoài kế hoạch là lời nguyền của ngành công nghiệp. Khi dây chuyền sản xuất và máy móc đắt tiền ngừng hoạt động, các tổ chức ngừng kiếm tiền và những khoản đầu tư đó bắt đầu gây tốn kém thay vì làm ra tiền. Chi phí có thể tăng vọt lên hơn 100.000 USD mỗi giờ đối với các nhà sản xuất lớn ở hầu hết các lĩnh vực công nghiệp”.
Jim Davison, giám đốc khu vực miền Nam nước Anh của Make UK, người đại diện cho các nhà sản xuất ở Anh, nhận xét: “Một trong những thách thức lớn nhất mà các nhà sản xuất phải đối mặt là làm sao giảm lượng thời gian ngừng máy ngoài dự kiến”.
Việc áp dụng số hoá công tác quản lý bảo trì tài sản sẽ giúp doanh nghiệp tiết kiệm được khoản lớn chi phí bảo trì và các thiệt hại do sự cố ngừng máy mang lại. Nếu doanh nghiệp khai thác tốt lợi ích công tác quản lý bảo trì thiết bị sẽ giúp doanh nghiệp tránh tình trạng gián đoạn sản xuất trong thời gian sớm nhất.
The two servant girls were dismantling the quilt cover and bed sheets, taking advantage of the extremely beautiful woman basking in the sun in Keto Cauliflower Bites Ariana Grande Weight Loss: 8 Fall Weight Loss Tricks You Can Try the yard.Accompanied by this voice, the power that suppressed the Nascent Soul was shattered, and the long lost power was revived, and Li Lingsu felt a sense of guarding the clouds to see the moon.
In the distance, King Kong of Diana stood outside the gate of the pagoda without saying a word.Just now, the middle aged monk surrounded and killed a sixth grade copper skinned iron skinned warrior with a formation.
If a son wants to inherit his father s property, he has to kill his father.The joy of extinguishing the fire of karma with luck for the first time the emotion and sadness of tasting the taste of a Taoist couple for the first time and the feelings that I don t want to admit but are real.
After chasing and escaping, the two gradually left the downtown area, and the battlefield shifted to the outside of the city.Just as he was considering how to speak, Yuan Yi heard Xu Qian say, I ll take you away now.
Facing Li Lingsu s scorching gaze, Xu Qi an looked into the distance, and said calmly, The lottery I won playing chess with Jianzheng back then is just a small thing.Later, because you wanted to check Yuanjing , I had to ask me for help, I was secretly happy at the time.
Li Lingsu vented the pressure in his bladder, lowered his head, and saw a man in the manure trough called a fat mouse, half of his body soaked in manure, raised his head, and saw him with black eyes.Xu Qi an is very good at coaxing women, and he is also good Whats The Difference Between Atkins And The Keto Diet Understanding Semaglutide as a Leading Weight Loss Drug at coaxing foxes, even coaxing and tricking him, the little fox forgave him with tears in his eyes.
Xu Qi an poisoned them in order to force them to disperse the formation.However, if Dafeng did not experience Yuan Emperor Jing s calamity and Xu Pingfeng s luck in extracting luck are definitely more than King Zhenbei s third rank, at least Wei Gong is the top second rank, and of course there may be other masters born.
The orange cat showed a humane expression on its face, clicked its tongue, and said, Tell me.Senior Brother Yang s tone was filled with calm confidence.
They fell in a pool of blood, the man s body was on the table, the young mother held her daughter tightly in her arms, the blood under the mother and daughter was dry and sticky.With the support of my father, why should I be afraid of the imperial court Extermination of Buddha Does the Leizhou government dare to destroy Buddha under the nose of Buddhism.
Several god masters only know how to fight for the shrine, but he and Axi have already begun to think about the origin of the shrine.In the end, his lover, using himself as a weapon, blew himself up in the midst of thousands of demon armies, becoming a breakthrough point for the gods to attack.
In addition, and the most important point, a second rank Confucian can manipulate luck to a certain extent, and can gather or destroy.Pan Shu presided over and said I am looking for you today because I want to I will pass on the position of host to you.
Meng Jingzhe, what kind of eyes do you have Jinghe Jianzun said suddenly.Master Nalan Yu, everything is ready.Xiahou Yushu, the monarch of the Yasukuni Kingdom, stepped onto the altar and saluted respectfully.
Only then did he realize that all this was a game set up by A Xi and the Divine Lord.I also have to thank you, hatred is the most powerful force.
Although I may overturn, I may also soar into the sky.Although Meng Jingzhe didn t read the entire book, he calculated based on the content of the first thirty chapters that Ye Yanran s final ending must be Dzogchen.
Although she did lead people all the way to triumph, she still didn t look like she was very concerned about her career.He has an illegitimate daughter with another woman.
Ah Jing looked at the person in front of her, then turned her head to look at her mother who had been stabbed by her sword, and said, Meng Xiaotian s face is not a birthmark, but spider poison.Why don t you give it to Qishan to teach her and learn some techniques of distorting yellow The kung fu of killing and killing is good.
Having experienced the storm for the first time, she barely withstood the half step Martial God s attack.He saw with his own eyes that the skin on his wrist began to wrinkle and age.
But at this moment, A shadow covering the sky appeared in the sky, turning into a dark red mountain of meat.After all, the Guiyi sword formula in his hand was once defeated by Jing and Sword Master, and now facing Meng Jingzhe, it is not even the slightest advantage, but he is still so determined.
She put her hands on her lower abdomen, embroidered with dragon patterns in lotus steps The hem of his clothes and hair swayed slightly, and he led Chu Caiwei and others out of the Star Observatory.Meng Jingzhe couldn t do anything about his strongest moves, and he felt more and more like a joke.
Dashu thought for a while, but didn t dare to answer directly for a moment, he just said nonchalantly This.Shenshu s dark method has retreated one after another.
He didn t expect that the moment he was closest to the Guiyi Sword Art was actually the moment when he was about to die.At this time, Tianzun sat cross legged, as if dozing off , finally spoke.
The girl was shocked by her mother s stern tone. I was shocked, glanced at my mother, and could only walk out angrily.He couldn t calm down for a while. People can t be without conscience.
Du Heng has not seen many cancer patients, but in the few cases, everyone looked defeated and depressed, feeling that the whole person was in a haze.That s good, what are your plans for the holiday Several other teachers asked me to go on a trip together, but I didn t agree.
And you can t trouble others to take care of it. After all, such a job has been arranged, which is very good.Now that you can develop with peace of mind, your dry mouth will be gone.
Wei Wen and Wang Lili were very quick and had already given the mother some energy replenishing liquid.Du Heng didn t listen to sister Liao Quansheng complaining and complaining about all kinds of regrets, but went straight to the little girl.
Moreover, he had to pay for today s meal, and it had to be good and expensive, so he could act as an apology to the Liao brothers and sisters on behalf of his brother in law, and also to calm Euphoria Green CBD Gummies: Reviews for ED Symptom Relief What Home Remedy Helps Erectile Dysfunction Liao Yuzhu s shock.The emergency doctor and the leader began to ask the students about some situations, while Du Heng grabbed the parents and said, Parents, I have told you before, and I will say it again.
But since Du Heng was going to review the patient with atrophic gastritis today, they were still happy to make the trip.Therefore, there is no one else behind him except the intern.
Du Heng spoke again, his tone full of impatience. My aunt, who always likes to speak first, kept her mouth tightly closed today, but she kept gesturing her husband with her eyes to tell him to speak faster, and she kept teasing her uncle with small movements under her hands.He also insisted on inviting Du Heng to dinner, and it was impossible not to keep the appointment.
Tsk, you want to lick the dog but you haven t licked it yet.Although the patient feels uncomfortable, he still endures it.
This is a rural family. The annual income of the whole family without food or water is only thirty or forty thousand yuan.Lu Zhongjiang rubbed his hands in excitement and paced back and forth in front of Du Heng, Great, I thought this matter was over.
But the problem is that I drink tea more frequently than I do before eating.Only by letting him believe in himself and cooperate with himself can he be cured.
Li Qiuhua was Du Heng s first and so far the only person who was brought back from the brink of death.Du Heng said okay and turned around to start typing on Yang Yuansheng s case.
Your belly button is It s exposed outside. What s the point of wearing your coat without unbuttoning it Besides, pants, they are indeed trousers, but you are barefoot and running around in sandals.This time, there was no dodge or hesitation in his eyes, but only firmness and seriousness.
Dragon chant Meng Jingzhe shouted happily.He immediately withdrew from the state of consciousness and reached out to catch the flying sword that had been away from him for a long time.This kind of conservative clothes are usually worn when going out, and, although autumn Valerie Bertinelli’s 2025 Weight Loss Journey: How She Shed 40 Pounds Row Weight Loss is coming, the residual heat is still coming, so it is not the time to wear this kind of turtleneck.
Boom The half step Martial God, unable to fully control his body, hit the Gu God with a posture of burning jade and stone.Although Meng Jingzhe is still worried about Meng Xiaotian, he also understands that some things cannot be rushed.
Xu Qi an didn t give a shit, and continued I went out to sea this time and passed an island.There is no day and night in the holy land, only endless, it seems to be spreading Black and white interlacing extending to the end of the world.
When I first met him in Southern Border, he was just a mere third rank martial artist.The nine tailed celestial fox plunged into the ground with both feet on the ground, with brows bristling, gritted its teeth and said with a gritted smile Old guy, the master of the country sent me You reincarnate With a twist of the waist, the fox s tail suddenly collapsed.
from Yin and Yang value 30 I thought you didn t want to talk to me, but it turns out you can t.Meng Jingzhe looked left and right, and now there is neither Changle nor Qishan Xianzun by his side , there was What Greek Yogurt Is Best For Keto One Secret Mineral Weight Loss Gummies: Review and Benefits only the thick fog behind him, and the weird red moon hanging high in the sky.
Giant Panda and Pixiu.These two kinds of footprints seem to fit perfectly with their soles.I don t know what material the sword is made of, but the cold light rippling on the sword can be seen from a long distance away.
The peace knife is the proof of your gatekeeper.It has knocked open the gate of heaven for you.Bang A dull impact sounded.Meng Jingzhe used her body as a sword, and collided with the sword light like a hill.
Woo.Meng Jingzhe opened her mouth. The evil god s hand paused slightly.Your name is Wu.Yeah.A female voice replied softly.Do you need me to do something for you Meng Jingzhe asked.
The rain master Nalan Tianlu, two spiritual masters Irbu and Uda Pagoda, followed by him 5 Best Exercises for Belly Fat: Summer 2025 Edition Depression Medicine That Causes Weight Loss Standing up and standing side by side with the Great Wizard, the four supernatural beings of the Witch God Sect looked to the south at the same time, that is, behind the wizards.Now, he is suffering from the soul locking lamp.You re looking for death Sixi said viciously, making a tactic with both hands, and the fire on the soul locking lamp burned more and more vigorously.
A huge pit appeared on the island of gods and demons, and at the bottom of the pit was a mountain of meat.Qi Feixuan only felt that Meng Jingzhe was acting strangely.
Live.Listening to the past related to Axi, Sixi s expression became brighter, but in a place where Meng Jingzhe couldn t see, Sixi s hand moved, and his face turned pale again.Mirage.Like before, it must have been a complete mirage at this time.
He took a deep breath and said, The witch god is not dead, he was just killed by Confucian sages.If Queen Tianluo s time is approaching, she will pass on all her power to her successor, who will be the new adult queen.