“Bảo trì lạc hậu và ngừngmáy gây thiệt hại lớn, ảnh hưởng đáng kể đến
sự phát triển bền vững của doanh nghiệp”
1. Chi phí bảo trì
Trong bảo trì hiện đại, chi phí bảo trì gồm hai thành phần: chi phí bảo trì trực tiếp (còn gọi là chi phí bảo trì hữu hình hay chi phí ẩn) và chi phí bảo trì gián tiếp (còn gọi là chi phí bảo trì vô hình).
1.1.Chi phí bảo trì trực tiếp
Chi phí bảo trì trực tiếp được dùng để chi trả trực tiếp và lưu lại trong hồ sơ kế toán của công ty, bao gồm:
Chi phí cho lương nhân viên.
Chi phí cho thưởng nhân viên.
Chi phí cho đào tạo, huấn luyện.
Chi phí cho quản lý bảo trì.
Chi phí cho vật tư bảo trì.
Chi phí cho dụng cụ bảo trì.
Chi phí cho thiết bị bảo trì.
Chi phí cho thuê ngoài dịch vụ bảo trì.
Chi phí cho cải tiến thiết bị.
1.2Chi phí bảo trì gián tiếp
Chi phí bảo trì gián tiếp là những khoản chi phí doanh nghiệp phải trả hoặc mất đi vì các tổn thất, thiệt hại khi ngừng máy. Chi phí này phần lớn là từ chi phí thời gian ngừng máy.
1.3.Chi phí chu kỳ sống
Chi phí chu kỳ sống (Life Cycle Costs – LCC) bao gồm tất cả chi phí mà doanh nghiệp phải trả hoặc mất đi từ lúc mua máy đến khi thanh lý máy.
Chi phí chu kỳ sống thường bằng từ 4 đến 40 lần giá mua máy ban đầu, vì vậy ở các nước và doanh nghiệp có hiểu biết, khi đầu tư ban đầu vào mua máy mới người ta sẽ tính LCC của những nhà cung cấp khác nhau và ra quyết định mua máy của nhà cung cấp nào có LCC thấp nhất.
LCC được tính như sau:
LCC = CI + NY (CO + CM + CS)
Trong đó:
Chi phí đầu tư (CI): bao gồm chi phí mua máy hoặc hệ thống thiết bị; chi phí đầu tư cho hạ tầng phục vụ vận hành máy; chi phí cho đào tạo và huấn luyện; chi phí cho tài liệu kỹ thuật; chi phí cho phụ tùng thay thế; …
Số năm (NY): số năm dự kiến sử dụng máy cho đến khi thanh lý
Chi phí vận hành (CO): bao gồm chi phí cho vật tư, con người, năng lượng, xử lý môi trường, các chi phí vận hành khác, ….
Chi phí bảo trì (CM): bao gồm các loại chi phí bảo trì thế hệ từ thứ 1 đến thứ 4, cho vật tư, dụng cụ, máy móc bảo trì và con người.
Chi phí ngừng máy (CS): đây là phần có thể chiếm đến 80% LCC, nhưng ít được biết đến, chiếm phần lớn trong chi phí bảo trì vô hình.
Chi phí chu kỳ sống thường được dùng để:
Làm cơ sở để lãnh đạo doanh nghiệp ra quyết định mua sắm máy móc, thiết bị.
Làm cơ sở để bộ phận bảo trì trong doanh nghiệp nhận ra cần cải tiến những gì để giảm LCC, nghĩa là giảm chi phí ngừng máy.
Làm cơ sở để những nhà cung cấp nhận ra cần cải tiến những gì để tăng độ tin cậy của máy móc, thiết bị nhằm giảm LCC, nghĩa là giảm chi phí ngừng máy cho khách hàng, là doanh nghiệp, cũng là tăng cơ hội để có hợp đồng với khách hàng.
1.1.4Chi phí thời gian ngừng máy
Chi phí thời gian ngừng máy (downtime), gọi tắt là chi phí ngừng máy, là những chi phí, thiệt hại, tổn thất phát sinh do ngừng máy và ảnh hưởng đến sản xuất và các hoạt động khác của một doanh nghiệp, công ty.
Các cơ sở công nghiệp lớn mất năng suất sản xuất hơn một ngày mỗi tháng và hàng trăm triệu đô la mỗi năm do hư hỏng máy, theo một báo cáo mới được công bố bởi Senseye, công ty quản lý sức khỏe máy móc được hỗ trợ bởi trí tuệ nhân tạo (AI).
Báo cáo chi phí thời gian ngừng máy thực chia sẻ những phát hiện từ một nghiên cứu về 72 công ty sản xuất và công nghiệp đa quốc gia lớn. Báo cáo tiết lộ rằng, trung bình, các nhà máy lớn mất 323 giờ sản xuất mỗi năm. Chi phí trung bình do mất doanh thu, phạt tài chính, thời gian nhân viên nhàn rỗi và khởi động lại dây chuyền là 532.000 USD/giờ, lên tới 172 triệu USD/nhà máy hàng năm.
Alexander Hill, giám đốc chiến lược toàn cầu của công ty Senseye, thuộc tập đoàn Siemens, nhận xét: “Thời gian ngừng máy ngoài kế hoạch là lời nguyền của ngành công nghiệp. Khi dây chuyền sản xuất và máy móc đắt tiền ngừng hoạt động, các tổ chức ngừng kiếm tiền và những khoản đầu tư đó bắt đầu gây tốn kém thay vì làm ra tiền. Chi phí có thể tăng vọt lên hơn 100.000 USD mỗi giờ đối với các nhà sản xuất lớn ở hầu hết các lĩnh vực công nghiệp”.
Jim Davison, giám đốc khu vực miền Nam nước Anh của Make UK, người đại diện cho các nhà sản xuất ở Anh, nhận xét: “Một trong những thách thức lớn nhất mà các nhà sản xuất phải đối mặt là làm sao giảm lượng thời gian ngừng máy ngoài dự kiến”.
Việc áp dụng số hoá công tác quản lý bảo trì tài sản sẽ giúp doanh nghiệp tiết kiệm được khoản lớn chi phí bảo trì và các thiệt hại do sự cố ngừng máy mang lại. Nếu doanh nghiệp khai thác tốt lợi ích công tác quản lý bảo trì thiết bị sẽ giúp doanh nghiệp tránh tình trạng gián đoạn sản xuất trong thời gian sớm nhất.
With the incident of the mirror flower, water moon, they negotiated a good share with the Yunlin Jiang family, and they might live there for free.The girl yelled, You don t have a brain, you just grow like this.
Then Chen Ping an came to his Cg8z Kto On Shark Tank The Ketogenic Breakdown ancestral temple, and you dared to salute a young swordsman without showing your face You are so arrogant, why don t you become the Lord of the Tiger Mansion In my place, there are too many I wronged you Huh The plump From Fat To Slim The Shark Iwjq97a Tank Way To A Leaner You maid was as silent as a quiver, not even daring to say anything back.
She was actually not idle. Yao Xianzhi teased her for eating and drinking, but she never denied it. Chen Ping an s wandering mind before was due to an accidental incident that came to mind again after meeting the goddess who buried the rivers and water, who most admired his master s knowledge.Su Zi was slightly surprised. He had never thought that there was such a thing. In fact, he had a mediocre relationship with the Saint lineage and didn t have much interaction with him.
The Samadhi True Fire in the gourd appeared for the first time. It seemed like the fire was like a flood bursting out of the embankment, but it was just the father s trick to make his opponent take it lightly.I almost couldn t recognize it before, but now it Thigh Fat Loss How New Yorkers Achieved 52tyyg3z Slimmer Legs In Summer s better. I m still very familiar. In the square outside the main hall of Jidu, Chen Ping an stopped.
After posting the talisman, Chen Ping an quietly walked to the table, stretched out his palm towards the incense burner, flicked it gently, sniffed the fragrance, and nodded.Of course, there is also the bearded ranger, Xu Yuanxia, who is like an elder brother. Yao Xianzhi was also surprised that every time he wanted to have something to say to Mr.
I wish What else can I do I will suffer a huge loss and it will only be lost in my memory. A Apple Bk2j6 Cider Vinegar Weight Loss Recipe Transform Your Body In Just Days girl in the sword room blushed as she listened. No wonder she felt that the man in green shirt was always looking at her.not even a bit humane and worldly. After the old ape in white left, Tao Zi turned back and sat down, laughing softly and said, Once Grandpa Ape successfully breaks through the realm, he will have an extra fairy fate, which is a great thing.
Ma Kuxuan in Xinghua Lane. There is also a young Earth Immortal whom I don t know. He is undoubtedly a swordsman, but his martial arts skills are a bit unusual.Zhou Fei is a swordsman in the Immortal Realm who fell from the Ascension Realm. The younger brother is the bottleneck of the Immortal Realm.
As for the small gilt water tank that served as the entrance to the palace, the Qingniu Taoist priest did not know how to break the rules, so he gave it to Shao Baojuan who answered.Growing up like this is actually growth. You don t have to think too much, because Master has come along this way.
The green shirt with a hosta on his head temporarily became Pei Min s flying sword. Like a traitor, he suddenly appeared again and again according to the old man s wishes, always following Chen Ping an in the mountains and rivers of Shuodi.These six little sword cultivators were all taken into the Qiankun in the Sleeves by Cui Dongshan. The magical powers of the upper five realms are very different.
He has become a third rank official of the country. In the past few years, Mr. Liu has been thinking about Liu Gaohua returning to serve in the imperial court of Caiyi Kingdom.In the end, Cheng Quan chose Suichu Palace, which is as famous as Daxuan Du Temple, as his place of residence, served as a worshiper, and entered the sect s landscape genealogy.
but it is the first choice for sects and sect candidates such as Wanyao Sect and Jinding Temple, because no matter how prosperous it was back then, Taiping Mountain will still be Taiping Mountain, and the territory is thousands of miles wide.Cui Dongshan s eyes lit up, he jumped up, stood unsteadily on the railing, walked slowly towards En Jessica Simpson Weight Loss F3t7n Pounds F the bow, squinting all the time, following the clues, his eyes went from Jinhuang Mansion to Pine Needle Lake, and then to the two countries.
The so called literary saint and martial arts master in the world will only delay Zhongqiu s martial arts peak.Jiang Shangzhen sighed, holding the back of his head with both hands, shaking his head and saying, Going up the mountain to practice is nothing more than adding water to the wine, turning a pot of wine into a large jar of wine.
This is a distant echo of the phrase A thousand year old darkroom Ketosis Gummies From Shark Tank Effective For Weight Loss 1o9g becomes bright with just one light , and also creates the idea of Although the light is extinguished, the lamp remains A magic hand.Nalan Jade raised his head and asked Cui Wei I don t use my sword in my hometown, but I use my sword in a foreign land.
He was just a Radiant Keto Gummies Shining A Jn3f8 Light On Ketogenic Support piece of Nascent Soul. It was equal to nothing. It was extremely weird. That was why Ruan Qiong agreed to let him stay in the blacksmith.The Taoist companion of Jun Yuchou on the mountain, that is, the woman whose pseudonym is Nian Chuntiao, was particularly fond of the look in the eyes of the young man carrying the sword.
Zhou Mili used to count the days with his fingers. Nowadays, the years are counted on one finger. So Zhou Mili started to practice calligraphy, cut out red Spring Festival couplets, and wrote some small notes like Spring, summer, autumn and winter, peace in all seasons , and posted them on the piggy bank.
He looks quite handsome. He talks and behaves calmly and calmly. He has the air of a master and a bookish air. Damn it, the more I look at him, the more irritating he is.Invisibly, he had some disputes with Bai Ye and Liu Qi, especially Bai Ye and Su Zi, who 5la5i1q Easy Apple Cider Vinegar Recipes For Weight Loss Goals were both in Haoran Tianxia.
He will guard this Taiping Mountain for Jianxiu Huangting within these eighty years. I need to take a trip to Dafu Academy, which I deliberately detoured last time.Some people think that a strong person has no restraints and is a kind of pure freedom that exists only for himself.
What a fucking job. At this time, Director Han saw Du Heng s frightened expression and knew that the money figure had frightened Du Heng.Even though he knew that Du Heng En Gunna Weight Loss Inspiring Journey Of 3b9qq Young Adults To Get Fit Zux was an expert from the capital, he had a very impatient look on his face.
Big brother and sister in law.
I dreamed a lot, and my dreams were so confusing. Du Heng got out of bed, drank a glass of boiled water, and then sat on the sofa, lost in thought.Cao Yuanqing also took advantage of the situation and took his own instant noodles, but stirred them twice before eating.
Even when they go home from get off work, few exercise.But I felt a little regretful that I couldn t see Master Jia showing off his unique skills.
You ve been working for eight days in a row, and you ve also been on seven night shifts.Dr. Lou suddenly paused as he spoke, then shook his head and said, Forget it.
Those who are proficient must be professional, but professional is not necessarily proficient, so choose a direction.I am also willing to accompany you on a trip to the mountains.
Notes 1. When employed, the title is physician assistant.Lou Guozhang smiled bitterly, and he In fact, when he called Du Heng in, he was already mentally prepared.
Du Heng was a little confused, but still Following Mr.Doctor Xiao Bai looked a little confused and at a loss, Du Heng suddenly put down the book in his hand and walked directly outside the consulting room.
The evil fire in Du Heng s heart was rising. He looked at the people who were talking coldly and snorted, How much money people make is earned by hard work and earned with sweat, not by strong winds.When Tang Lifeline Keto Acv Tdm6gd3y Gummies Your Lifeline To Achieving Ketosis With Ease Jinhan was talking, Du Heng listened quietly and observed Tang Jinhan s expression and eyes all the time, You are still a doctoral student now, so I will arrange for you to come to the department for internship.
But in the end, my progress was not half as fast as Du Heng s.Du Xueting also said quickly at this time, Yes, uncle, how could I hide it from you I didn t admit it when you asked me last time.
In addition, The cost of joining other leading actors and other expenses, the cost of one episode is about one million.I agree with the treatment method, but in terms of usage, I think it would be better to use Zhui Feng Tougu Wan.
Ling Shuwen had not taken care of the uncle s high blood pressure Tru Fit Keto Gummies Evaluating Their Fitness Claims E6b4jk at all.Of course, it is possible that there are similar techniques in traditional Chinese medicine surgery, but it is possible that such techniques or concepts may be lost due to certain turmoil or problems of inheritance.
A gracious one. Yazi, that s a good suggestion. Your brother Shun has a criminal record and a bad temper.The good impression he had accumulated towards Wei County in the past few days was completely lost in this young man s polite but shameless smile.
I don t believe it, I really can t believe it. The paper that has been thrown away like waste paper at home for decades is worth two million in the blink of an eye It feels like a dream.But Tang Jinhan did not make any unnecessary expressions, but continued to say seriously, You may Bella Hadid Weight Loss Tips H64 From Her Daily Routine You Need To Try only see some of Professor Du s personality and abilities from the news or the Internet.
However, how to process this is very particular. Once it is not processed well, it will be a fake.Therefore, the things they research look good on paper, but the actual results are not very good.
Zhao Ruyue burned incense for several lifetimes to be reincarnated.All these things that were hidden by Zhou Chen were all dug out.
Xiaohe s eyes were red, she almost failed to protect Niuniu.The car started and left quickly.Zhao Yunshu asked Why are you here Glancing at her, he didn t say anything.
Mom, I m sorry for my sister.Han Mingyang blamed himself.That s not okay.You will have a lot of photos to take in the future, so you must get used How Long Will It Take 81io589i To Lose Pounds to it, so that you can take beautiful photos.
Who accompanied the mother Chu Han asked again.Could it be that he asked for a bad hexagram Or something happened on the way He remembered that in the original story, Mrs.His adoptive parents died, his biological mother died, and his younger brother also died.
She, Zhao Ruyue, will never lower her self worth like this.At this time, the official who searched the government came back, My lord, I found this paper bag in Mrs.
Feng Wencai helped her up from the ground, Of course, I ve been looking for you for more than ten years, and God paid off.Oh, who told me not to have a daughter I was born to worry about my life.
After the call at the front desk, he said politely, I m sorry, Mr.Although the minister blames her for hurting her family, she does not hate her.
Chu Han smiled and nodded, Yes, this is our carriage.From the beginning to the end, Zhou s There are a lot of problems, big and small, and the most important thing is that Zhou Chen evaded nearly billions of dollars in taxes.
You have to go in and see what is going on in the restaurant to find out.Steward Wang glanced at Wang Yuanwai, then lowered his head, Yes, sir.
As soon as I arrived in the town, I heard a commotion, Chu Han opened the curtain Looking out, I saw a big man pulling a little girl of twelve or thirteen years old on How Action Bronson Transformed His Life A Weight Loss 5l4eivb Journey the street.Yu said from the bottom of her heart as she poured water with her hands and feet.
Chu Han took a sip of coffee and said, Secret.If it is an ordinary person, the surveillance from ten years ago will definitely not be recovered.Mrs.Liu recognized her as the daughter in law who had run away, and she was filled with anger.
The old emperor went forward to support Dong Yuan and said, What did King Xiang say You are the minister of the humerus of my Great Jian Dynasty, a great hero.Mother, why are you here Chu Kuan stepped forward bravely.
The rich woman was in her forties.He was very happy, so he drank a few more glasses, and when he woke up the next morning, he was shocked to find that he was lying in the hotel with the rich woman.Seeing the boss coming at the front desk, he quickly said respectfully, Mr.
The company became more and more depressed.The money was gone, and Chen Fen only gave her tens of thousands of dollars.Chu Han entered the main room, saw the young man who was studying hard, and said with a smile.
Chu Han put his son on his shoulders and walked around in the yard, his son laughed like Yinling, the daughter gnawed on the long ears of the little rabbit, and laughed cheerfully.Among the four kingdoms, the Yan Kingdom has the largest territory and is a nomadic people.
It was really partial.Feng Wencai heard that Feng Shi forced Chu Ming to agree When it came The Ultimate Guide To Smoothies For Belly G2bc98 Fat Loss Datadriven Examples To Shed Inches to the Zhou family s marriage, he was even more furious.How could this be Chu Kuan walked over to weigh it He weighed those new swords, and Zhao Chang s sword, and found that it was indeed much lighter than Zhao Chang s sword.
Not only did he want to live out his splendor, but he also wanted the Research Insights The Drastic Yd2 Christian Bale Weight Loss For Movie Roles couple to pay a painful price for what he had done.He was proficient in his movements, and he had an excited smile on his face when he beat Yunyun, and he didn t care that the person he hit was his sister.
The two siblings went into the woods and sat under a big tree.The leader had a scar on his face.He said sharply, I will drive this road.
Qingyao Zhenyi knew that Shaonan was still alive, but he couldn t determine the location.For a while, Shao Nan still felt uncomfortable.It was as if the stove, which was still hot just now, was suddenly put into the ice cellar.
Occasionally there are some small disturbances, but they are all within the controllable range.However, this is not a bad thing.At least Min Haoyan confirmed one thing, Shao Nan, who won first place in the Gentle Fire test this time, is definitely the secret weapon of the Sacred Fire Glazed Sect.
Fortunately, Shao Nan had prepared several plans, otherwise he would have been caught off guard.However, this Whats Buzzing About Gummy S9wd74r Rings Candy Get The Inside Scoop is for Brother Biao.nothing.Originally, Brother Biao was gambling with Chai Jingming, who had just formed an alchemy, with the strength of the golden alchemy Dzogchen, and the thickness of his skin was beyond guessing.
Guys, there may be some misunderstandings.Your elders think that we have done something to you.This further reflects the strength of Shao Nan s weapon refining talent.
The target is the huge stele in front of it.This test stele What Tests Are 23lhj5 Done For Unexplained Weight Loss can record every attack, and then rank them from top to bottom according to the attack power.When the city lord learned that the two Void Returners were leading people to fight against the Bibo Huanyue Clan, the uneasiness on his face disappeared instantly.
It s time for the flames of war to ignite again.Longxi Zhenyi said with a majestic expression.Without the restriction of fifteen minutes, Shao Nan can finally fully display the idea in his heart.
The last time it was probably hundreds of thousands of years ago when the alien Huang Ting wolf clan was discovered, even that time, only twelve large scale long distance teleportation arrays were arranged.The rest depends on personal Does Trisha 335i0 Yearwood Have Weight Loss Gummies The Truth Behind Keto Diet Supplements Lbu perception.Once you have the foundation, you can create the complicated ones by yourself.
I don t know what Shao Daoyou would like Wen Hou said with some embarrassment, with an expression that made people want to pay more spirit stones first.If Shao Nan knew, it was because he used this secret technique.
The reason was clearly stated on the token, and Shao Nan just complained.Fairy Zhou should only be in her sixties or seventies this year.
One more person means more strength.In this way, another month passed in such a harmonious atmosphere.Before the audience at the foot of the mountain could react, Shao Nan s figure disappeared on Jiuli Mountain, as if Shao Nan had never existed.
Shinichi Xinghuo is absolutely reliable and trustworthy in terms of identity and strength.Chai Jingming suddenly came to his senses.Unless he never uses this culinary secret technique Apple Cider 7ukca Vinegar Fasting Spoons Daily For again Otherwise, it will definitely become the focus of others to hunt down in the future.
To Shao Nan s surprise, Lan Yuanzhou, Yun Tianlin, Ju Fengxi, and Wu Yan hadn t practiced yet, and they gathered in a pavilion on Lanyin Volcano.The large scale long distance teleportation array was actually more stable than the general teleportation array, Shao Nan hardly felt anything, and when it reappeared, it was already outside Bibo Huanyue Island.
Take the number one from Fan Tianyou.Quickly investigate the details of this Shao Nan, is it really the holy fire glass Zong s hole card, or some other source.However, some people are like Shangguan Gu.Only with the strength of Foundation Establishment Dzogchen, after eating not much, I felt a red heat flow towards the meridians.