Tối Ưu Tồn Kho Sản Xuất Áp Dụng Nguyên Tắc Just In Time
Trong bối cảnh cạnh tranh khốc liệt của ngành sản xuất tại Việt Nam, việc tối ưu tồn kho không chỉ là giải pháp tiết kiệm chi phí mà còn là chìa khóa để tăng năng suất và đáp ứng nhanh nhu cầu thị trường. Nguyên tắc Just In Time (JIT) – được Toyota khởi xướng và hoàn thiện – đã chứng minh hiệu quả vượt trội trong việc quản lý tồn kho tinh gọn. Nhưng làm thế nào để áp dụng JIT một cách hiệu quả trong thực tế sản xuất tại Việt Nam? Bài viết này sẽ cung cấp kiến thức chuyên sâu, các chiến lược mới mẻ và giải pháp thực tiễn để bạn tối ưu tồn kho một cách toàn diện!
I. JIT – Nền Tảng Để Tối Ưu Tồn Kho Trong Sản Xuất Hiện Đại
1. JIT Là Gì? Góc Nhìn Từ Quản Lý Sản Xuất
Just In Time (JIT) không chỉ đơn thuần là một phương pháp quản lý tồn kho, mà là một triết lý sản xuất tinh gọn với mục tiêu: “Sản xuất đúng thứ cần thiết, đúng số lượng, đúng nơi và đúng thời điểm”. Trong sản xuất, điều này có nghĩa là nguyên vật liệu chỉ được nhập vào khi cần, sản phẩm chỉ được tạo ra khi có đơn hàng, từ đó giúp doanh nghiệp tối ưu tồn kho bằng cách loại bỏ dự trữ dư thừa.
Tại Việt Nam, nơi các doanh nghiệp thường phải đối mặt với chi phí lưu kho cao và biến động nhu cầu, JIT mang lại cơ hội để tinh gọn quy trình, giảm lãng phí và nâng cao tính linh hoạt.
2. Tại Sao Tối Ưu Tồn Kho Lại Quan Trọng?
Tồn kho không được kiểm soát có thể dẫn đến nhiều vấn đề: vốn bị ứ đọng, chi phí bảo quản tăng, hàng hóa lỗi thời hoặc hư hỏng. Theo kinh nghiệm làm việc với các doanh nghiệp sản xuất tại Việt Nam, Vietsoft nhận thấy rằng tối ưu tồn kho không chỉ giúp tiết kiệm chi phí mà còn cải thiện dòng tiền, tăng khả năng cạnh tranh và đáp ứng nhanh hơn yêu cầu khách hàng – yếu tố sống còn trong thời đại 4.0.
II. Các Chiến Lược Nâng Cao Để Tối Ưu Tồn Kho Với JIT
1. Quản Lý Chuỗi Cung Ứng Theo Mô Hình “Zero Inventory”
Một trong những chiến lược tiên tiến của JIT là hướng tới tồn kho bằng 0 – tức là không giữ bất kỳ nguyên vật liệu hay sản phẩm nào vượt quá nhu cầu tức thời. Điều này đòi hỏi sự phối hợp chặt chẽ với nhà cung cấp và một hệ thống dự báo cực kỳ chính xác.
Ví dụ, một công ty sản xuất linh kiện ô tô tại Hà Nội có thể yêu cầu nhà cung cấp giao bu-lông và ốc vít hàng ngày với số lượng vừa đủ cho ca sản xuất, thay vì nhập số lượng lớn mỗi tháng. Kết quả là kho gần như trống, giúp tối ưu tồn kho và giải phóng không gian cho các hoạt động khác.
Mẹo thực tiễn: Bắt đầu bằng cách đàm phán với nhà cung cấp về giao hàng nhiều lần trong tuần thay vì một lần lớn, đồng thời sử dụng phần mềm quản lý để theo dõi nhu cầu theo thời gian thực.
2. Tích Hợp JIT Với Lean Six Sigma
Kết hợp JIT với Lean Six Sigma – một phương pháp cải tiến quy trình dựa trên dữ liệu – là cách nâng cao hiệu quả tối ưu tồn kho. Trong khi JIT tập trung vào việc sản xuất đúng lúc, Lean Six Sigma giúp loại bỏ biến động và sai sót trong quy trình, từ đó đảm bảo dòng chảy sản xuất ổn định hơn.
Tại Việt Nam, một nhà máy chế biến thực phẩm tại Cần Thơ đã áp dụng Lean Six Sigma để giảm tỷ lệ sản phẩm lỗi từ 5% xuống 1%, kết hợp với JIT để chỉ sản xuất khi có đơn hàng từ siêu thị. Kết quả là tồn kho giảm 40% trong vòng 6 tháng.
Giải pháp thực tiễn: Triển khai phân tích DMAIC (Define, Measure, Analyze, Improve, Control) để xác định lãng phí trong quy trình, sau đó áp dụng JIT để duy trì dòng chảy tinh gọn.
III. Công Nghệ Hỗ Trợ Tối Ưu Tồn Kho Với JIT
1. Sử Dụng AI Để Dự Đoán Nhu Cầu Chính Xác
Trí tuệ nhân tạo (AI) đang thay đổi cách doanh nghiệp dự báo nhu cầu – yếu tố cốt lõi để JIT hoạt động hiệu quả. AI có thể phân tích dữ liệu phức tạp từ thị trường, thời tiết, thậm chí mạng xã hội để dự đoán chính xác lượng hàng cần sản xuất, từ đó giúp tối ưu tồn kho một cách thông minh.
2. Blockchain Trong Quản Lý Chuỗi Cung Ứng JIT
Blockchain mang lại tính minh bạch và tin cậy cho chuỗi cung ứng – yếu tố quan trọng để JIT thành công. Công nghệ này cho phép doanh nghiệp theo dõi từng lô hàng từ nhà cung cấp đến dây chuyền sản xuất, đảm bảo giao hàng đúng hạn và đúng số lượng.
Tại Việt Nam, các doanh nghiệp dệt may tại TP.HCM có thể dùng Blockchain để xác nhận thời gian giao vải từ nhà cung cấp, giúp tối ưu tồn kho và giảm rủi ro gián đoạn do chậm trễ.
Lợi ích thực tiễn: Blockchain giúp xây dựng lòng tin với nhà cung cấp, giảm thiểu tranh chấp và tăng tính chính xác trong lập kế hoạch tồn kho.
IV. Đo Lường Và Cải Tiến Hiệu Quả Tối Ưu Tồn Kho
1. Chỉ Số OEE (Overall Equipment Effectiveness)
OEE là chỉ số đo lường hiệu quả thiết bị tổng thể, bao gồm tính sẵn sàng, hiệu suất và chất lượng. Khi áp dụng JIT, việc tối ưu OEE sẽ giúp doanh nghiệp đảm bảo máy móc hoạt động hiệu quả, không gây gián đoạn dòng chảy sản xuất – yếu tố then chốt để tối ưu tồn kho.
Công thức đơn giản:
OEE = Tính sẵn sàng (%) x Hiệu suất (%) x Chất lượng (%). Ví dụ, một nhà máy sản xuất nhựa tại Long An tăng OEE từ 70% lên 85% sau khi áp dụng JIT, nhờ giảm thời gian ngừng máy và lỗi sản phẩm, từ đó giảm tồn kho bán thành phẩm xuống 30%.
Mẹo thực tiễn: Đo OEE hàng tuần và sử dụng dữ liệu để xác định điểm yếu trong dây chuyền, sau đó cải tiến bằng JIT.
2. Phân Tích ABC Trong Quản Lý Tồn Kho Với JIT
Phân tích ABC chia nguyên vật liệu thành 3 nhóm:
A: Giá trị cao, số lượng ít (20% giá trị, 80% chi phí).
B: Giá trị trung bình.
C: Giá trị thấp, số lượng nhiều.
Khi kết hợp với JIT, doanh nghiệp có thể tập trung kiểm soát chặt nhóm A để tối ưu tồn kho hiệu quả nhất. Ví dụ, một công ty sản xuất điện tử tại Bắc Ninh chỉ nhập chip (nhóm A) đúng lúc cần, trong khi linh kiện nhỏ (nhóm C) được dự trữ tối thiểu.
Giải pháp thực tiễn: Lập danh sách nguyên vật liệu theo ABC và áp dụng JIT nghiêm ngặt cho nhóm A để giảm chi phí tồn kho tối đa.
V. Thực Tiễn Áp Dụng JIT Tại Việt Nam – Bài Học Từ MES SmartTrack
1. Tối Ưu Tồn Kho Với Hệ Thống MES SmartTrack
Hệ thống MES SmartTrack của Vietsoft là giải pháp công nghệ tiên tiến hỗ trợ doanh nghiệp Việt Nam triển khai JIT hiệu quả. Với khả năng giám sát thời gian thực, MES SmartTrack giúp lập kế hoạch sản xuất chính xác, theo dõi tồn kho từng phút và gửi cảnh báo khi nguyên liệu sắp cạn. Điều này không chỉ giảm thiểu rủi ro gián đoạn mà còn giúp doanh nghiệp tối ưu tồn kho một cách thông minh.
Lợi ích thực tiễn: MES SmartTrack cung cấp biểu đồ trực quan về mức tồn kho, giúp quản lý ra quyết định nhanh chóng.
2. Kết Hợp JIT Với MES Để Đối Phó Biến Động Thị Trường
Thị trường Việt Nam thường xuyên biến động do nhu cầu thay đổi hoặc đứt gãy chuỗi cung ứng (như trong đại dịch COVID-19). MES SmartTrack tích hợp với JIT giúp doanh nghiệp linh hoạt điều chỉnh sản xuất, đảm bảo tồn kho luôn ở mức tối ưu dù thị trường có bất ổn.
VII. Kết Luận – JIT Và Con Đường Tối Ưu Tồn Kho Bền Vững
Nguyên tắc Just In Time không chỉ là công cụ mà còn là chiến lược dài hạn để doanh nghiệp sản xuất tại Việt Nam tối ưu tồn kho, giảm chi phí và tăng khả năng cạnh tranh. Từ việc áp dụng các công cụ như Kanban, AI, Blockchain đến tích hợp hệ thống MES SmartTrack, JIT mang lại cơ hội để doanh nghiệp chuyển đổi từ quản lý truyền thống sang mô hình tinh gọn hiện đại. Bạn đã sẵn sàng áp dụng JIT để biến tồn kho từ gánh nặng thành lợi thế chưa?
35 has been set up Just as Jeffrey was dreaming, several wizard apprentices spoke carefully.The speed of light is so fast that it is unimaginable.
Under the nervous and alert gazes of the wizards, the diameter of the space time vortex quickly grew to more than 500 meters, and it continued to grow rapidly.Don t you want to know why you suddenly lost God s protection And how you lost this war Joshua remained silent, as if he had turned back into the living dead again.
How can those wizards buy it all in one go again Five thousand tons of wheat Lord Mortan, what should we do now Viscount Sk asked in a panic.Fortunately, the next moment, he heard the girl speaking softly.
Harrov said with a sigh. How unbelievable Harrov was when he received this manuscript before, how shocked he is now.More work Ivina and others looked at the rotting, festering, and stinking corpses in the village, their expressions became more and more angry, they clenched the swords in their hands, and interrupted the body snatchers.
It s not much more than two of them, and it s not much less than two of them, let alone Lidya s rescue this time.Cecil said lightly. The corpse witch he sent out has found the location of the second space time node based on the flow of magic power End of this chapter While Harov and others were fighting in the north, Linn s promotion ceremony had also reached a critical stage in Lodesel City.
Harrov, who was the closest, was the first to suffer the disaster.He never believed that the opponent s turtle shell protection could be maintained forever.
As long as she reaches the quota to call the magic network, she can be promoted to the great wizard immediately.minced meat. But the undead in the back are still pouring out of the space time gate in a steady stream, as if they are endless.
Peel off the layers Obviously, Linn overestimated the protective capabilities of graphene.According to the translation of the signals we have received in the past few days, the other two legions are making very smooth progress in regaining the kingdom s territory and have not encountered any strong obstacles.
After confirming that there were no sick horses and no staff being lazy, he left the area.When he successfully eliminated King Hatar, Lin En searched the other party s memory to find out who was behind the nobles rebellion.
Sir Speakers, we have just received an urgent piece of information, which was transmitted via electromagnetic waves Raphael said without any unnecessary nonsense, and directly handed a translated cipher text to Harrov.No one knew whether planting so many blue fruits to make wine could be sold, and whether the expected profits could be obtained.
For a moment, he became so angry that he fainted on the spot.Not only that, the girl also felt that her physical strength and magic power were being sucked out all the time
Her mind was groggy, and past memories flashed like phantoms, finally settling on the burning seaport town.
If you are willing to accept the transformation, there will be a day when you can be released and start a new life.It was obvious that Dennis had no intention of solving these problems at all.
The spreading mountains had turned into a piece of scorched earth.Hundreds of magic lights overhead illuminated the interior like daylight.
The strong wind fell rapidly, and it took about two seconds to stabilize his body.As a price, two official wizards and more than a dozen guards lost their lives.
Dozens of fighter planes Working day and night, more than a million leaflets were dropped every day Although the vast majority of clergy sneered at the above content, as time passed by the propaganda, there were always clergy who couldn t help but try it.It is not the magic of those wizards. The protection given to you can resist all evil.
information, this influence may lead to changes in the state of the electron.Using the elements of magic mimicry as the foundation and using energy as the core to build a new body is a genius
What a genius idea He has been studying the body structure of the chief judge these days, so he has always been very puzzled as to why Joshua s body is so strange.
There was a light and shadow with an angry face vaguely reflected inside.The first was the positioning of the two space time gates, which used the entanglement response of microscopic particles at a high dimensional level, which was regarded as an extension of quantum communication technology.
You said before that it was not convenient to take action in the current state.Amidst the explosions, mushroom clouds rose up. The enemy s counterattack came soon.
dispel the haze of doomsday, and turn the world into an eternal pure land
Nix s impassioned speech made the knights present forget the panic and fear in their hearts.
I have a task for you Green Wood made his choice. While speaking, he put the signal bomb into the opponent s hand and said in an urgent and solemn tone You immediately lead all the half elves under the age of 20 in the legion to leave
He revealed his plan. But after hearing this, Bernie objected fiercely.
Can you believe this. Zhao Hao saw with his own eyes that several heads of three hounds bit a combat dwarf at the same time, but they did not break the defense at all.Absolutely outrageous In the past, when the level was low, the golden field s maintenance time limit was 100 seconds.
If the other party is not strong enough, he will be the unlucky one.A total of 12 people came out. This is a violent abomination that I created using the flesh and blood of powerful sea monsters and giant dragons.
The Golden Valley is usually under the jurisdiction of the Ministry of the Interior, but in this case, the other party has no intention of taking care of it.The real enemy hasn t appeared yet, so how could he use a trump card in his hand like this So he would rather lose the Shadow Swordsman than use the Golden Domain.
The Storm Legion is stationed not far away. Boom Zhao Hao transformed into a golden dragon and descended from the sky carrying several subordinates.Hmph Zhao Hao snorted lightly, but didn t say anything.
It is precisely because of the coolie puppets that the dispatched personnel only need to sort out the goods and let them carry them.These forces, each seeking what they wanted, colluded together, and quickly united
As expected, once he entered the Hou family, he was as deep as the sea, and there were so many people who wanted him dead.
It s over. You don t need to think about it at all to know that these sea shark guards surrounding them are the best targets for Dragon Breath.But it is because of the Storm Territory and Zhao Hao that they have already had champion level troops, and they have repeatedly defeated the aboriginal legions in their territory, which naturally stimulated other guilds and strong men, and it became what it is now.
By the way, this trench tactic was invented by future players.In other words, the supplies were sold not to the Ministry of War but to Maury.
A few hours later, when Zhao Hao was feeling a little irritable, a large number of black spots appeared on the sea at the end of his field of vision.The point is that players are not easy to control. Yes, it is true that the skill growth rate of logistics players is many times that of aborigines, but if they don t grow up, it s okay, but once they can grow up, it will be a lot of trouble.
rule Before taking action in the Storm Territory, you may have to think of excuses and reasons to bypass the protection of players by the rules.It was also because of this that he spread the news.
After talking for a while, I almost took out the other person s underwear.But just because of time, most of their methods were unable to be used.
The key point is to kill the spirit and soul, otherwise it would not be qualified to be called the Dark Flame.When the old Marquis was alive, Chen Guogong gave him face, but when the old Marquis died, Chen Guogong turned against him and was ruthless, and even staged a scene in the mourning hall to break off the engagement.
It is precisely because of the threat of this fleet that distant sea merchant ships must be cautious every time they go to the Pale Territory, for fear of being intercepted by the opponent halfway.However, as time goes by, the difficulty of obtaining it has also been greatly reduced.
The other party does not have so much energy to purchase and transport scattered materials.Shut up Hai Tian jumped up like a cat whose tail was stepped on.
Frenzy One The tide of femoral bones spreads rapidly, wiping out all life in its path.Qin Hu was spoiled by his parents since he was a child.
Under this premise, it is not as good as some hard level 5 6 level melee undead.Only the stronger the Storm Territory is, the safer she will be.
After all, it can upgrade combat skills by one level below the grandmaster level.The huge sail raised itself and moved very fast. This is the benefit of having a ship spirit.
Although the strength in the sea is far inferior to that of the opponent, the Naga Siren is definitely capable of doing reconnaissance, so Zhao Hao finally felt relieved after hearing this.Such a large order caused a sensation among adventurers and mercenaries, and even many large forces participated.
As for other troops. Phantom shooters are only suitable for suppression at high places.If it hadn t been so weak, Zhao Hao wouldn t have the guts to make any plans.
are deflected away from long range attacks. And the dark elves used sacrifices to summon this kind of demon, which can only be said to be a great job.If they were caught up, they would undoubtedly cut him into pieces.
Not to mention that in addition to the bomb flying dragon, there is another new flying dragon.It s indeed a trump card Because taking such a bottle of potion at a critical moment might really turn the tables.
He already regarded these divine bodies as his own, and he was naturally extremely heartbroken to use them to allow Bai Long to break through.Hoo, ho Freya flapped her wings, flew over the swamp covered with green vegetation below, and landed towards a hilly hill.
Mia has gone through a perfect Lich Transformation Ceremony, and her appearance will naturally not infiltrate people like ordinary undead.Guard the treasure, which is why the opponent does not allow the Minotaur to snatch the prey.
They can only change the attack target and chop these vine dragon groups into pieces.The people behind him had arrived in advance upon his notification.
They would put their chips on the gambling table at the slightest sense of danger.Therefore, when Archimonde approached the pyramid, he was attacked by everyone in unison.
The reason why the magic resistance is high is because the engraved alchemy spells are mostly defensive, so how could it not be high In terms of speed, it depends on whether magic blessing is enabled.Fortunately, the Light Bearer and the Beasts all focused their energy on killing the Maze Destroyer, and did not focus on a few people at all.
Abyss Gaze As the prey of the Abyss Lord, the other party will know your location every once in a while.Obviously, Laina knew they had to get rid of them as soon as possible.
With a distance of more than ten kilometers, it would take time for the other party to get close.At the same time, things from the surface world can also attract people from the underground world.
Qin Hu and Qin An shrank against the wind, ran out of the camp, and ran forward through the thick snow.But the adventurer player can t bear it. It s okay if they can t be beaten, but now they re retreating without even fighting.
The leader of the twelfth level bone hound These speed type undead are best suited to deal with this situation.The eighth level phantom shooter is completely different from the second level centaur leader, so the improvement is naturally exaggerated.
Bang, bang 1 A familiar voice sounded from behind. The bed crossbow fired.But if the bomb flying dragon attacks the archangel corpse on the ground, then the situation is different.
I need it Yingzhao hesitated for a moment before speaking out.Such a huge transportation capacity is also because they understand that the transportation capacity will determine whether the cake can be taken away.
There are no resources, treasures, ships, blueprints, etc.As for why two copies. Isn t it normal to compare It s definitely not because Zhao Hao is afraid of being stabbed in the back by someone who trusts too much.
Then a disaster happened As for Princess Chang an, it s even simpler.other side. It s okay, the Tianhai Alliance is the Tianhai Alliance, and the Haitian Guild is the Haitian Guild, isn t it Zhao Hao replied meaningfully.
Otherwise, half elves would not be regarded as a stain.Of course, the other party is also his natural ally, and the improvement in strength is not without benefits for him.
Along the way, various attacks emerge one after another, and there are even attacks from a large number of flying monsters.For an ordinary alchemist, it might take several or more than ten years to train an apprentice.
One was the transformation of the undead. This could be seen from the fact that the batch of abominations became the most popular unit under the undead lord.I am at odds with the underground world. JPG Everyone is making money.
At this time, he has to think about whether to retreat or continue to hold on.The powerful enemies near the city have long been eliminated by Ellolan, but the endless stream of monsters is the biggest threat, so the vassal race is used as a barrier.
At this point, apart from them, there were no other adventurers on the battlefield.Ten minutes later Feida and Freya opened the way, protecting Anros and meeting Zhao Hao who was watching the battle on the top of the dune at the edge of the battlefield.
Let me prepare Turing nodded and tapped the ground with his foot, and saw a sudden movement inside the workshop.South city wall This is the main attack direction of the underground army, where the strongest combat power of Shenmu Castle is assembled.
Fortunately, she was able to withstand it because she was a humanoid dragon.Then, the simpler and more direct Xu s wishes are, and the rules do not conflict, the greater the chance of success.
After all, the aborigines can hate and look down on players, but they will never hate gold coins.In this way, players will be strengthened in disguise.
Then Archimonde changed in all aspects under the flapping of his butterfly wings.It would be okay if there was only the danger of swamp traps.
Normal attacks don t have much effect on bone dragons, which is why bone dragons can enter the championship level even if they don t have any abilities.Is there an extra bonus in seawater terrain Zhao Hao muttered to himself as he looked at the large sea monster whose body was frozen by an arrow.
A distance of several kilometers is nothing to professionals with such physical fitness.Once it knew that there was a tomb of the gods behind it, it would definitely go all out and hold its position.
Originally, there were not so many monks from the two sects appearing on this battlefield.Encryption is used in daily life, military, aerospace, industry, etc.
Such missions rarely appeared on the mission list. Missions with rich rewards would be given priority by inner sects or true disciples.Li Yuanba stood on the ground, focusing on the White Lotus Picture.
Otherwise, the sword cultivator would have been exterminated long ago.With so many disciples being killed every year during the Qi Refining Period, one more Li Shiming doesn t matter.
A sword struck the center of the eyebrow, and there was a remnant of sword intent in the wound.Think about it, with Yin Shilan s excellence, when someone who has the strength to pursue Yin Shilan knows that he is close to Yin Shilan, then killing him is indeed the best way to deal with it.
The flying boat is about twenty meters long. There is a two story wooden building with carved beams and painted beams on the deck.He could feel the sound of spiritual plants growing in the spiritual rain, and the stretching of roots in the spiritual soil.
At the same time, Gu Jia also increased the task reward from five hundred spirit stones to one thousand spirit stones.In front of Seven Star Island, three Northern Shu Golden Pills and seven Seventh Sect Golden Pills were facing each other, each with their own ideas.
He also used the Spiritual Earth Technique and the Gengjin Technique.No matter how many times she saw it, she would always be attracted by it.
I control him with the Iron Corpse The demon cultivator who controlled the ghosts in the early stage of foundation establishment had determination flashing in his eyes, and he said using a secret method.Otherwise, normal monks would not wash themselves. The sect robes issued have spells to clean the body, and the spiritual power can be activated to clean the whole body.
Although Ren Feier was sometimes willful, she would not directly ask for such a valuable flying boat.They have seen corpses ten times and a hundred times more than here.
Put the jade slip between your eyebrows and concentrate your mind to feel it Master Cui reminded Li Shiming with a smile when he saw that Li Shiming was a little at a loss.Guys, we have no way out. Letting him leave is a dead end.
Mortal Metal is preparing to transform the underground space, and he plans to use the spare time for some necessary experiments.This is his investment. This market is a casual cultivation market during the Qi refining period.
He was considering whether the main body should practice first or let the clone practice first.Perhaps one such flying sword is nothing, but when the number of such flying swords reaches ten thousand, and with five magic weapon level flying swords containing powerful sword intent as the core, an unimaginably huge inherited magic weapon will be manufactured.
Except for the Yun family s worship, he did not have much involvement with the Yun family.The formation in front of them had not been broken.
In the past, when he encountered problems in cultivation, he would analyze them through IBMz15 and find the option with the highest success rate.Ordinary golden elixir monks have never killed a golden elixir of the same level in their lives.
When I was in the university library in my previous life, I liked to read some ancient books.You only need to activate the Sword Demon Secret Code , and the bullet will automatically disperse and return to the main body.
internal structure. With his current lack of knowledge about cultivating immortals, he is unable to make accurate judgments with the help of the large server IBMz15, and can only analyze it to this point.The only difference was Master Ma s gift, which was a jade slip and looked the shabbiest.
He also knew about Yin Shilan s background, and he really just wanted to ask without any other ideas.
