Để thực hiện TPM cần 12 bước, được chia thành 4 giai đoạn:
1. Giai đoạn chuẩn bị.
2. Giai đoạn giới thiệu.
3. Giai đoạn thực hiện.
4. Giai đoạn củng cố.
Giai đoạn chuẩn bị : từ 3 đến 6 tháng, gồm các bước:
Bước 1 : Lãnh đạo cao nhất giới thiệu TPM.
Bước 2 : Đào tạo và giới thiệu TPM.
Bước 3 : Hoạch định các tổ chức tiến hành thực hiện TPM.
Bước 4: Thiết lập các chính sách cơ bản và các mục tiêu của TPM.
Bước 5: Trình bày kế hoạch phát triển TPM.
Giai đoạn giới thiệu TPM :
Bước 6: Bắt đầu TPM (hoạch định và thực hiện).
Giai đoạn thực hiện:Bước 7: Cải tiến hiệu suất của mỗi thiết bị trong dây chuyền sản xuất.
ª Xác định rõ công việc.
ª Xem xét tình trạng máy móc.
ª Xem xét mối quan hệ giữa máy móc, thiết bị, vật tư và các phương pháp sản xuất.
ª Xem xét trình tự đánh giá chung.
ª Xác định cụ thể các vấn đề.
ª Đề xuất các cải tiến phù hợp.
Bước 8: Tổ chức công việc bảo trì.
ª Chuẩn bị.
ª Đo lường, kiểm tra dựa vào các nguyên nhân.
ª Thiết lập tiêu chuẩn làm sạch và bôi trơn.
ª Kiểm tra tổng thể.
ª Kiểm tra việc tự quản.
ª Đảm bảo tính ngăn nắp và gọn gàng.
ª Tự quản lý hoàn toàn.
Bước 9: Thực hiện công việc bảo trì có kế hoạch trong bộ phận bảo trì.
Bước 10: Đào tạo để nâng cao các kỹ năng bảo trì và vận hành.
Bước 11: Tổ chức công việc quản lý thiết bị.
Giai đoạn củng cố:
Bước 12: Thực hiện hoàn chỉnh TPM ở mức độ cao hơn.
9. Lean TPM
Lean và TPM được kết hợp để hình thành Lean TPM.
Lean TPM nếu được thực hiện đúng, không chỉ mang lại hiệu quả mà còn làm tăng năng suất và giảm các loại lãng phí.
Lean TPM đòi hỏi một tổ chức tập trung vào các chức năng bảo trì và kỹ thuật để cải thiện thời gian máy chạy, khả năng sẵ khả năng sẵn sàng và chát lượng. Làm được như vậy các đội bảo trì được tăng cường tri thức về thiết bị đồng thời phát triển mối quan hệ thân thiện và tích cực giữa họ với nhau và với các bộ phận khác trong doanh nghiệp.
Mục tiêu của Lean TPM là hình thành một đội ngũ bảo trì tạo ra giá trị gia tăng mà không làm tăng chi phí trong phạm vi doanh nghiệp.
Phần lớn doanh nghiệp đều biết nhưng không thể hiểu đến nơi đến chốn các thiệt hại ẩn gây ra do ngừng máy, những lần gián đoạn sản xuất để thay đổi đồ gá hoặc điều chỉnh máy, tốc độ máy bị giảm, máy chạy không hoặc ngừng vài phút, khởi động lại, sản phẩm khuyết tật và công việc tái chế.
Vì vậy nguyên tắc chính của một chương trình lean TPM là hiểu, định lượng và tiến hành làm giảm đến mức tối thiểu hậu quả của những thiệt hại nêu trên.
10. Thực hiện Lean TPM
Mức 1: Ổn định hóa
@ Mức 1A: Kiểm soát
– Phân tích tình trạng hiện thời của thiết bị. Làm vệ sinh toàn bộ khu vực sản xuất.
– Hoàn thành việc đánh giá và xác định tầm nhìn, mục tiêu.
– Bắt đầu ghi nhận các chỉ số hiệu năng của thiết bị và nhận dạng tiềm năng cải thiện.
@ Mức 1B: Ổn định hóa
– Thực hiện kế hoạch bảo trì hàng năm và phát triển thêm chương trình bảo trì có kế hoạch.
– Xác định lộ trình cải tiến và phân công trách nhiệm cải tiến các tiêu chuẩn, định mức.
– Khẳng định tầm nhìn và mục tiêu. Lập tài liệu và truyền thông cho mọi người có liên quan.
– Bắt đầu thực hiện các qui trình bảo trì phòng ngừa.
Mức 2: Tối ưu hóa
Mức 2A: Tinh gọn từ thực tế
– Phát triển chương trình để tăng mức độ bảo trì trên cơ sở tình trạng.
– Cải thiện môi trường vận hành thiết bị.
– Phấn đấu giảm số lần hư hỏng máy.
Mức 2B: Nhắm mục tiêu số hư hỏng bằng không
Phát triển một chương trìnhbảo trì chất lượng nhằm đạt mục tiêu số hư hỏng máy và số sản phẩm khuyết tật bằng không.
11. Kết luận
TPM và Lean TPM còn rất xa lạ với đa số các doanh nghiệp sản xuất công nghiệp Việt Nam trong khi bảo trì vẫn là công việc hàng ngày phải làm. Vì mục tiêu giảm thiệt hại tối đa do ngừng máy, đã đến lúc các doanh nghiệp cần tăng tốc trong việc áp dụng các hệ thống quản lý bảo trì tiên tiến mà TPM có thể là mục tiêu trước mắt.
Tài liệu tham khảo
[1] Phạm Ngọc Tuấn, Quản lý bảo trì công nghiệp, NXB Đại học Quốc gia TPHCM, 2001, 172 tr.
[2] Phạm Ngọc Tuấn, Kỹ thuật bảo trì công nghiệp, NXB Đại học Quốc gia TPHCM, 2005, 197 tr.
[3] Dennis McCarthy, Nick Rich, Lean TPM, A Blueprint for Change, Elsevier Butterworth-Heinemann, 212p.
The Holy Ice Sect had attacked and killed him many times.When he discovered low grade spiritual veins in the underground space of Eagle Mouth Island, he thought that the spiritual veins in the underground space were enough for him to reach the peak of Qi refining.
When he was about to go with Master Yu, the people there had already dispersed.Li Shiming didn t know this. He flew on the paper crane until dark without using his sword escape.
But similarly, Master Xu Chuan s hostile forces will regard him as an enemy.And he also took out the remaining monkey wine and handed it to Elder Su.
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At this point, the Spirit Turtle Shield is there, but it fills in the biggest shortcoming.You must know that if the monk is unprepared, even a mortal may kill the monk.
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What I have to say is that the well known Vs of this era are still very attractive and not as bad as they would be ten years later.However, the seventeen day limit is not over yet. Wednesday, March 13.
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Sure enough, success is not unreasonable. When will God K be broadcast next Learned a lot today
Fang Hong decided to use all the money earned from live broadcasting for education and student aid.Voting, even having three children is not impossible.
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In terms of power, the sword is actually better than the fist.When he looked up, he saw a talisman in front of him.
The land of the Nine Sects occupies the southeastern corner of Ziwei World.However, they are just a little behind, because they are the steps of practice after ascension.
Your moves are very powerful, but compared to mine, they re still a little inferior
Smiling softly, the ruthless man reached down and grabbed him again.The first leader Shi Wuxin and the fifth leader Wadang But they are sitting on Xiaoji Island, a hundred and fifty miles away.
The intuitive beauty is deeply imprinted in everyone s heart.In fact, it took him an unknown amount of time to restore his strength.
Bai Linger blinked. This shows that Nangong Boyu is from the demon race but the one with the maple leaf on his forehead is from the serious human race.Master Yin Yang is 90 confident in his grasp of Chinese divination.
This bombardment immediately caused the Tianxin Jue Formation outside, which was second only to the Holy Sect Ancestral Court s protective formation, to shift by three percent.Some of them, even powerful ones from the same realm, are quite unfamiliar and difficult to understand.
It only took three breaths after her body appeared.Gui Wujiu asked Master Yuan Zun, what advice do you have Yuan Zun waved his hand and said calmly I don t take advice seriously.
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Those who escape one after another are the cranes who stay in the fourth dimension.Acting this way can be said to be completely in line with the style of Xiangyun Ting.
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jpg , please Why don t you stop drying it
End of this chapter Fang Hong edited the Weibo content and published it in the form of pictures.In many cases, you should worry about others using outside moves.
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Instead, it turned down 1 percentage point near the close.
