Doanh nghiệp dệt may, da giày trước nỗi lo khan hiếm lao động
Ngày 8/10, Hiệp hội Dệt may Việt Nam đã tổ chức buổi đối thoại trực tuyến với chủ đề “Chung sức vì sự phục hồi bền vững ngành dệt may và da giày Việt Nam”.
Đối thoại trực tuyến Chung sức vì sự phục hồi bền vững ngành dệt may – da giày Việt Nam. Ảnh Đức Dũng/BNEWS/TTXVN
1. Tình hình lao động ngành dệt may – gia dày Việt Nam trong dịch Covid-19
Tại buổi đối thoại, các ý kiến cho rằng, vấn đề kéo người lao động trở lại làm việc vẫn là bài toán khó với các doanh nghiệp.
Theo báo cáo từ Hiệp hội Dệt may Việt Nam, ngành dệt may, da giày là hai ngành sử dụng nhiều lao động nhất trong các ngành kinh tế của Việt Nam.
Dệt may có khoảng 2 triệu lao động công nghiệp (chiếm 25% lao động toàn ngành công nghiệp Chế biến chế tạo). Da giày cũng sử dụng khoảng 1,4 triệu lao động công nghiệp (chiếm 18,2%). Ngoài ra, còn có gần 1,5 triệu người kinh doanh thương mại và dịch vụ liên quan đến dệt may, da giày.
Đây cũng là hai ngành có kim ngạch xuất khẩu rất lớn. Năm 2019 đã đạt gần 60 tỷ USD, chiếm trên 22% kim ngạch xuất khẩu cả nước; trong đó, dệt may đạt gần 39 tỷ USD và da giày đạt gần 20 tỷ USD.
Tuy nhiên, bà Nguyễn Thị Tuyết Mai, Phó Tổng thư ký, Hiệp hội Dệt May Việt Nam cho hay, từ đầu năm 2020, khi dịch COVID-19 bùng phát tại Trung Quốc sau đó lan ra toàn thế giới, chưa bao giờ chuỗi cung ứng của hai ngành này phải đối mặt với những thách thức vô cùng lớn do gián đoạn nguồn cung nguyên phụ liệu và sụt giảm nhu cầu tiêu thụ sản phẩm tại các thị trường chính.
Năm 2020, là năm đầu tiên hai ngành có mức tăng trưởng âm khoảng 10% sau vài chục năm tăng liên tục, ở mức cao.
Từ cuối tháng 4/2021 đến nay, dịch COVID-19 đã làm cho nhiều doanh nghiệp dệt may, da giày phải đóng cửa, thu hẹp sản xuất, người lao động mất việc làm. Riêng ngành dệt may lực lượng lao động tại khu vực này khoảng trên 1,2 triệu người chiếm gần 65% lao động toàn ngành.
“Nhiều doanh nghiệp thực hiện phương án sản xuất “3 tại chỗ”; “một cung đường – hai điểm đến”, “4 xanh”… nhưng với chi phí xét nghiệm, chi phí sản xuất rất lớn và nguy cơ lây nhiễm vẫn rất cao, nên chỉ là giải pháp tình thế cho một bộ phận doanh nghiệp và không thể kéo dài.
Phương án phòng chống dịch giữa các địa phương không thống nhất, nơi đóng – nơi mở, nơi chặt – nơi lỏng… cũng là nguyên nhân gây ách tắc khâu vận chuyển nguyên phụ liệu và hàng hóa xuất khẩu”, bà Nguyễn Thị Tuyết Mai nói.
Theo số liệu của Tổng cục thống kê, kim ngạch xuất khẩu dệt may tháng 8/2021 giảm 15,9% so với tháng 7/2021 và tháng 9/2021 tiếp tục giảm 9,2% so với tháng 8/2021.
Đặc biệt, tâm lý lo sợ lây nhiễm cùng với đời sống khó khăn, do không đi làm, không có thu nhập, đã khiến hàng triệu người lao động rời bỏ TP. Hồ Chí Minh, Bình Dương, Đồng Nai… về quê và không ít trong số đó là công nhân dệt may, da giày.
2. Bài toán lao động ngành dệt may da giày Việt Nam
Tại buổi đối thoại, bà Phan Thị Thanh Xuân, Phó Chủ tịch kiêm Tổng thư ký Hiệp hội Da giày-Túi xách Việt Nam cho hay, chuỗi cung ứng dệt may, da giày lại một lần nữa có nguy cơ đứt gãy không phải do yếu tố cung – cầu bên ngoài mà do chính yếu tố trong nước; trong đó việc khan hiếm lao động là một nguyên nhân chính.
Đây là bài toán khó cho các doanh nghiệp dệt may, da giày khi bước vào giai đoạn phục hồi sản xuất theo chủ trương mới của Chính phủ là “Thích ứng an toàn, linh hoạt, kiểm soát hiệu quả dịch COVID-19” thay cho chủ trương “Không có COVID-19”.
Bà Xuân cho rằng, nếu chỉ phụ thuộc nguồn cung nguyên phụ liệu cũng như nhu cầu tiêu thụ của một số thị trường nào đó, rủi ro sẽ rất lớn khi có biến động. Sắp tới chúng ta phải tìm cách nâng tỷ lệ chủ động nguồn cung để tránh phụ thuộc và hưởng lợi từ các FTA.
Thứ hai, người lao động là vốn quý nhất của doanh nghiệp, nhất là đối với các ngành sử dụng nhiều lao động như dệt may, da giày. Việc giữ chân người lao động, làm cho họ gắn bó với doanh nghiệp là giải pháp căn cơ mà mỗi doanh nghiệp phải làm; trong đó có các vấn đề cấp bách như tiêm vaccine, chế độ hỗ trợ…
Theo khảo sát từ Trung tâm Nghiên cứu Quan hệ lao động (ERC), có tới 62% lao động trong các ngành bị giảm thu nhập do bị giãn ca, làm việc không liên tục; độ chênh lệch phủ vaccine giữa các tỉnh miền Nam và miền Bắc – Trung cũng khá lớn. Lượng người lao động về quê khó tiếp cận với vaccine hơn; những hỗ trợ, trợ cấp chưa đến được tay người lao động…
TS. Đỗ Quỳnh Chi, đại diện ERC cho hay, nếu không có biện pháp hỗ trợ tích cực, sẽ phải mất 3-5 tháng để người lao động di cư trở lại nhà máy. Để kéo người lao động trở lại làm việc trong giai đoạn phục hồi, cần phải tiêm vaccine cho người lao động; trong đó lưu ý tăng cường cho khu vực miền Bắc và miền Trung, người lao động di cư về quê. Ngoài ra cần có thể cân nhắc nới lỏng biện pháp chống dịch, lưu thông giữa các tỉnh, cho phép người lao động đã tiêm ít nhất 1 mũi vaccine làm việc bình thường…
“Với doanh nghiệp, cần thường xuyên liên hệ với người lao động để nắm tình hình và hỗ trợ ngay khi cần thiết, thuxếp cho người lao động di cư về quê an toàn hay tiêm vaccine để họ sớm trở lại hoạt động sản xuất”, bà Chi nói…/.
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Invading the plane with a large amount of cannon fodder, consuming the opponent s divine power, ascertaining the true and false, and then using the corpse explosion technique to mobilize the remnant souls of these undead to increase his own strength.
The location of Ye Fei you guessed was not wrong. Elder Junshan also found him, but he did not kill him.No one dares to offend him, and he is not angry and has authority.
Ma was dizzy and rode her little donkey into the city alone.They are usually classified as public cases. We can only wait for any clues to appear in the future before investigating.
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It is said that these seven elders went very far and killed many ferocious beasts.It s extremely scary, Yin Sanniang is no match for her, and being suppressed by the opponent is really unexpected.
Xingyu, what happened Soon, a powerful figure emerged from the ground again.Li Some people in the city were in awe of Emperor Wa s terror and marveled at Shangguan Lingyun s power.
Looking at this stance, there was no hint of a complete stance.Ye Fei snorted coldly. Three days later, a man wearing a bamboo hat appeared in the city again.
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The knife was as black as ink. He grabbed it with both hands, exerted all his strength, and turned towards the long sword.Unexpectedly, this person would appear here and cause trouble for Wang Teng.
Where the strange glow rises, the murderous intent is boundless, and it is impossible to get close.Transformation Pill Ye Fei was slightly startled. Promise him and form a good relationship.
Of course they are powerful. The Thirteen Horsemen of Mangshan are well known and extremely powerful.However, this is not the reason why it is classified as a forbidden area Their existence seems to be guarding something.
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Since the deputy governor gave the order, they naturally obeyed.Those people before were also friends invited by the Shangguan family.
After thinking about this, Ye Fei couldn t help but shook his head and sighed.There are also spirit stones, which are also mined from spirit stone mines, which require the blood and sweat of a large amount of lower level mortals.
After a day and night of traveling, Ye Fei finally saw a city from a distance.You
The provincial governor looked at Ouyang Tian, and for a moment, he had a bad feeling in his heart.
Ye Fei shouted. Behind him, the shadow of an ancient dragon rose into the sky, with surging energy, directly breaking through the other party s restraints.Ye Fei was dazzled by the sight and couldn t help but sigh.
If it were other sects, killing people might be justifiable, but Emei is aloof from the world and has almost no enemies.Ye Fei smiled bitterly and shook his head I will take good care of you, especially Senior Sister Bai Yan, you Ye Fei could not accept this fact.
By the way, what happened in Juelong Ridge What s going on someone asked.His smile was intriguing. There were also many disciples around him, because he was following that man.
After a long period of accumulation, Ye Fei decided to proceed slowly and Comprehensive Your Reviews Soothing Anxiety Pet's Chews A to CBD Calming Kradle Guide SMKXd
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Mirror light flashed between heaven and earth. Why does this light look like the Yin Yang Realm of the Yin Yang Sect Could it be that the strong men of the Yin Yang Sect are fighting with others The strong man of the Yin Yang Sect near Belvedere is none other than Ma Junhao, the great disciple of the Central Committee.
The disciples in fine clothes were discussing. These people should be uniformly dressed according to which sect they belong to.If it were placed in the East, this place would have been discovered long ago.
Is this Tongtian Academy When he got closer, Ye Fei was really shocked by the momentum of Tongtian Academy.Lao Wang said seriously. What a great idea. Did you just talk about the terrifying sword formation What sword Gummies and Guidelines Benefits Infused Cannabis Safety Types
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