Trong quá trình chuẩn bị triển khai ERP, ban lãnh đạo và người quản lý cần lựa chọn nhân sự cho dự án. Và để lựa chọn được nhân sự phù hợp thì đòi hỏi người quản lý phải nắm rõ vai trò cùng trách nhiệm của các cá nhân tham gia dự án. Điều này sẽ giúp quản lý lựa chọn được các thành viên nòng cốt cho dự án triển khai ERP.
1. Cấu trúc nhóm dự án triển khai ERP
Tùy thuộc vào quy mô của tổ chức, các nhóm dự án triển khai ERP có thể dao động từ 15 thành viên đến vài người. Các nhà quản lý dự án giàu kinh nghiệm sẽ xác định rõ vai trò và trách nhiệm ở thời điểm đầu dự án để đảm bảo ai sẽ là người đại diện và chịu trách nhiệm giải trình cho các chức năng chính.
Người quản lý sẽ xây dựng quy định dự án triển khai ERP để gắn trách nhiệm cho các nhân viên nội bộ và bên ngoài cho từng giai đoạn của dự án. Quy định sẽ xác định chính xác cách thức đưa ra quyết định, các vấn đề được giải quyết và những hoạt động được hoàn thành. Các thành viên trong nhóm dự án được phân công nhiệm vụ theo các điểm mạnh, mức độ kinh nghiệm.
Ban lãnh đạo không nên ủy thác mọi trách nhiệm cho nhóm dự án. Ví dụ, ban lãnh đạo nên là người quyết định trong tương lai mô hình hoạt động của tổ chức thay vì nhóm dự án.
Thuận lợi nhất khi triển khai ERP là nhân sự trong nhóm dự án sẽ chỉ tập trung hoàn toàn cho dự án, nhưng đa số nhân sự vẫn phải kiêm nhiệm nhiều việc khác. Mặc dù vậy, ban điều hành sẽ giúp nhóm dự án tập trung vào công việc triển khai ERP. Tại một số tổ chức, các nhà quản lý đã thuê nguồn lực bên ngoài phụ trách các công việc để đảm bảo các thành viên trong nhóm dự án không hoàn toàn bỏ bê công việc đang đảm nhiệm.
Các nhà quản lý dự án triển khai ERP cần cân bằng giữa việc sử dụng nguồn lực nội bộ và thuê ngoài. Thiếu nguồn lực bên ngoài có thể khiến chuyên môn hạn chế nhưng mặt khác thiếu nguồn lực nôi bộ sẽ dẫn đến việc hạn chế quyền sở hữu dự án và thiếu liên kết tổ chức.
2. Các thành viên lý tưởng cho nhóm triển khai ERP
Người quản lý dự án phải xác định bộ kỹ năng và các nhân sự cốt lõi với đặc điểm tính cách sẽ góp phần thành công vào việc triển khai dự án ERP. Họ cần làm việc với ban lãnh đạo để lựa chọn các thành viên phù hợp cho dự án triển khai ERP về phạm vi dự án, ngân sách và yêu cầu tài nguyên. Ban lãnh đạo với hiểu biết tốt về mục tiêu dự án và tầm nhìn của tổ chức nên là những người lựa chọn thành viên cho nhóm dự án. Mặc dù chuyên môn kỹ thuật và kiến thức vận hành là quan trọng, nhưng kỹ năng giao tiếp giữa các thành viên rất quan trọng nhất là khi nhóm dự án được giao nhiệm vụ thực hiện kế hoạch quản lý thay đổi tổ chức để thu hút và đào tạo nhân viên.
Các giáo sư Kenneth Benne và Paul Sheats đã công bố một nghiên cứu về vai trò chức năng của các thành viên nhóm, trong đó họ xác định các thành viên cốt lõi trong nhóm triển khai ERP cần có những nét tính cách dưới đây:
Người động viên
Người này sẽ khuyến khích các thành viên khác trong nhóm dự án triển khai ERP tích cực tham gia đóng góp ý kiến và ghi nhận đóng góp của họ.
Người có tố chất dẫn đầu
Người này nhận được sự tin tưởng của các thành viên, giúp các thành viên trong nhóm dự án triển khai ERP đạt được sự đồng thuận khi cần thỏa hiệp, tránh gặp phải bất đồng.
Nhân viên kiểm soát triển khai ERP
Vai trò này giúp kiểm soát, quản trị dự án hiệu quả và nhắc nhở nhẹ nhàng các thành viên dự án tuân thủ các thời gian và giá trị cốt lõi của tổ chức.
Thành viên có tính cách hài hước
Nhân sự này sẽ giúp các thành viên giảm thiểu căng thẳng và lo lắng về quá trình triển khai ERP. Sự hài hước có thể làm tâm trạng của các thành viên thật thoải mái từ đó giúp gia tăng hiệu quả công việc.
Nhân lực từ các phòng ban khác
Các nhà quản lý dự án cần tập hợp một ban chỉ đạo điều hành và một nhóm các chuyên gia đảm nhận các chức vụ dưới đây:
Nhân sự điều hành
Nhóm này bao gồm các giám đốc điều hành và các thành viên của ban giám đốc. Ban chỉ đạo truyền đạt tầm quan trọng của dự án và giải thích cách phần mềm ERP hỗ trợ sứ mệnh và tầm nhìn của tổ chức. Họ tham gia vào các cuộc họp quan trọng liên quan đến các khuyến nghị phần mềm, liên kết tổ chức và quản lý thay đổi tổ chức.
Người đại diện các phòng ban chức năng
Đây là các nhân sự đại diện cho các phòng ban. Họ sẽ thu thập các yêu cầu, xác nhận yêu cầu và chuyển tới nhà triển khai ERP.
Nhóm dự án của bạn
Nhà quản lý cần tính toán số lượng nhân lực và cần nhân lực như thế nào cho việc triển khai ERP. Nếu doanh nghiệp không đủ thì có thể bạn phải cần đến nguồn lực bên ngoài.
Nên nhớ rằng, cấu trúc nhóm dự án của bạn chủ yếu phụ thuộc vào phạm vi dự án triển khai ERP.
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