Khái niệm KPI bảo trì và các chỉ số đo lường hiệu suất bảo trì
Trong doanh nghiệp, để đánh giá mức độ làm việc hiệu quả của bất cứ bộ phận, phòng ban nào thì đều cần sử dụng đến KPI (Key Performance Indicator ). Tương tự như vậy, đối với bộ phận bảo trì, chúng ta cũng có chỉ số hiệu suất KPI bảo trì cùng với các chỉ số đo lường hiệu suất bảo trì thông dụng khác.
Vậy KPI bảo trì là gì ?
Làm sao để xác định KPI bảo trì trong thực tế ?
Hãy cùng Vietsoft tìm hiểu qua bài viết sau.
1. KPI bảo trì là gì?
Để trả lời câu hỏi trên, chúng ta cần xác định rõ mục tiêu của công tác bảo trì là gì ? Đó chính là phải đảm bảo một môi trường làm việc hiệu quả để có thể hoàn thành các mục tiêu kinh doanh mà tổ chức doanh nghiệp đặt ra.
Từ mục tiêu đó, có thể hiểu KPI bảo trì là một phép đo hiệu suất giúp nhà quản lý cũng như bộ phận bảo trì có thể tập trung hết nguồn lực phù hợp vào các mục tiêu bảo trì mà họ muốn đạt được. Đây là một giá trị có thể định lượng được và có thể đo lường kiểm soát bằng các công cụ như phần mềm quản lý bảo trì thiết bị CMMS, hoặc phần mềm quản lý tài sản EAM
Tuy mỗi doanh nghiệp thường hướng đến những mục tiêu bảo trì khác nhau, nhưng nhìn chung các mục tiêu này vẫn chỉ xoay quanh việc tăng thời gian hoạt động của thiết bị, giảm chi phí và và cải thiện hiệu suất bảo trì.
KPI bảo trì cung cấp một hướng cải tiến hoạt động và giúp chúng ta tập trung sự chú ý vào những gì quan trọng nhất bằng cách trả lời các hỏi:
• Chúng ta đang ở đâu?
• Chúng ta còn phải đi bao xa?
• Chúng ta cần làm gì để đạt được điều đó?
2. Sự khác biệt giữa KPI bảo trì và các chỉ số đo lường hiệu suất bảo trì là gì?
Hiện nay mặc dù thuật ngữ KPI bảo trì và chỉ số đo lường hiệu suất bảo trì (maintenance performance metrics) thường được sử dụng thay thế lẫn nhau nhưng về bản chất chúng không giống nhau.
Ở trên, chúng ta đã thấy rằng KPI bảo trì là các giá trị đo lường cho thấy mức độ hiệu quả của các công việc hướng tới mục tiêu bảo trì đặt ra. Trong khi đó các chỉ số bảo trì giúp theo dõi và đánh giá trạng thái của một quy trình bảo trì cụ thể.
Có thể hiểu đơn giản KPI bảo trì là chiến lược lâu dài trong công tác bảo trì, trong khi số liệu đo lường hiệu suất bảo trì là chiến thuật cho một quá trình bảo trì ngắn hạn. KPI có thể so sánh với một chiếc la bàn chỉ ra nơi chúng ta muốn đến, trong khi các chỉ số đo lường hiệu suất bảo trì định hướng nhiều hơn về từng bước nhỏ hơn mà chúng ta cần thực hiện để đến được nơi muốn đến.
VD: Ban lãnh đạo doanh nghiệp đặt ra KPI bảo trì là phải giảm 30% công việc bảo trì còn tồn đọng trong quý tiếp theo. Để đạt được KPI đó, bộ phận bảo trì nhận thấy rằng vấn đề chính cần giải quyết chính là số lượng công việc bảo trì phản ứng quá nhiều, khiến cho thời gian dành cho bảo trì định kỳ bị ít đi.
Từ đó, bộ phận bảo trì đã tiến hành phân tích sâu hơn, theo dõi các chỉ số bảo trì thực tế như: thời gian bảo trì ngoài giờ, tỷ lệ phần trăm yêu cầu bảo trì được hoàn thành đúng thời hạn, tỷ lệ giữa bảo trì theo kế hoạch và bảo trì tự phát… Họ nhận ra nguyên nhân gốc rễ của tình trạng mà họ gặp phải chính là do bộ phận bảo trì đang thiếu nhân lực, nên các yêu cầu bảo trì đã không được giải quyết nhanh chóng khi phát sinh.
3. Tổng kết
Tại nhiều doanh nghiệp hiện nay, đa phần ban lãnh đạo thường có xu hương chỉ quan tâm đến ngân sách chi tiêu cần thiết cho bộ phận bảo trì. Nếu chỉ phân tích chi phí bảo trì tiêu tốn sẽ không đánh giá chính xác về hiệu suất công việc của bộ phận bảo trì được. Thay vào đó, chúng ta cần hiểu và lựa chọn được những nhóm KPI bảo trì và các chỉ số đo lường hiệu suất bảo trì phù hợp . Từ đó xây dựng các chiến lược bảo trì sát với nhu cầu và tình hình thực tế của doanh nghiệp.
Trong bài viết tiếp theo, Vietsoft sẽ giới thiệu các nhóm KPI bảo trì và các chỉ số đo lường hiệu suất bảo trì đơn giản và phổ biến hiện nay.
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