Những khó khăn và đặc thù trong việc nâng cao năng suất ngành may
1. Những đặc thù trong sản xuất của ngành may
Bao gồm nhiều khâu nối tiếp nhau theo kiểu dây chuyền (mua hay nhận nguyên phụ liệu – chuẩn bị sản xuất – cắt – may – hoàn tất, đóng gói). Bên trong mỗi khâu lớn nói trên cũng là những dây chuyền: thí dụ khâu may bao gồm nhiều bước công việc may, tạo thành dây chuyền; khâu cắt bao gồm những công việc như trải vải, cắt, đánh số, kiểm tra, bó hàng … cũng mang tính chất sản xuất dây chuyền,
Sản xuất ngành may mang tính phức tạp cao. Đối với áo jacket phức tạp, số lượng bước công việc có thể lên đến vài trăm, còn thông thường, khoảng vài chục đến trên dưới một trăm bước công việc, với số người tham gia sản xuất lên đến hàng chục người.
Sản xuất ngành may sử dụng một số lượng chủng loại nguyên phụ liệu rất lớn. Số lượng loại nguyên phụ liệu dùng cho một sản phẩm may có thể tính bằng hàng chục và chúng khác nhau thậm chí trong cùng một sản phẩm, nhưng có kích cỡ và màu sắc khác nhau. Do vậy, việc kiểm soát tình trạng vật tư là vấn đề phức tạp. Thường gặp trong sản xuất ngành may là tình trạng không đồng bộ (không đủ) nguyên phụ liệu khi đưa vào sản xuất.
Chất lượng của nguyên phụ liệu không ổn định cũng là một vấn đề làm giảm năng suất sản xuất ngành may. Khổ vải không đồng đều, lỗi vải cao, khác màu vải…… đều là những nguyên nhân gây giảm năng suất và chất lượng sản phẩm may.
Nhu cầu tiêu thụ theo mùa, đơn hàng ngày càng nhỏ do xu hướng áp dụng phương pháp sản xuất vừa đúng lúc (Just in Time – JIT) của các nhà mua hàng (buyers) trên thế giới để giảm chi phí tồn kho cũng là một gánh nặng trong việc giữ vững và tăng năng suất ngành may.
Ngành sản xuất may sử dụng một lực lượng lao động rất lớn. Công nhân ngành may thường không có trình độ cao, kỷ luật công nghiệp thấp. Do vậy, việc đảm bảo năng suất, chất lượng và tiến độ giao hàng là rất khó khăn, nếu không áp dụng các biện pháp quản lý phù hợp.
2.Những khó khăn trong sản xuất của ngành may
Từ những đặc thù trên có thể thấy việc điều hành một công ty may nhằm đạt năng suất và hiệu quả kinh tế cao là vấn đề không hề đơn giản, đặc biệt đối với những công ty thuần may gia công.
Năng suất lao động thấp, kéo theo thu nhập thấp, số giờ làm việc dài, nên ngành may công nghiệp ngày càng trở nên kém hấp dẫn với người lao động, khiến biến động nhân sự trở nên rất cao, khoảng 20 – 40%, thậm chí cao hơn khiến ngành may rơi vào vòng luẩn quẩn năng suất thấp – lương thấp – nhân công biến động – tay nghề kém – năng suất thấp.
3. Kết luận
Giải quyết bài toán năng suất trong ngành sản xuất may là một vấn đề sống còn của các doanh nghiệp ngành may công nghiệp, đặc biệt của các công ty may gia công và nhất là trong điều kiện cạnh tranh mạnh mẽ về lao động như hiện nay. Các công ty may không chỉ phải cạnh tranh trong nội bộ ngành mà phải cạnh tranh với nhiều ngành công nghiệp khác trên phương diện nguồn nhân lực.
Phương hướng cho việc nâng cao năng suất ngành may và giải quyết tình trạng luẩn quẩn trên đây chính là phải quyết liệt cải tiến phương thức quản lý ở tất cả các cấp: cấp công ty, cấp xí nghiệp, cấp tổ sản xuất, chuyền may… Cải thiện quản lý sẽ giúp nâng cao năng suất, tăng lương, giảm giờ làm và tăng nguồn nhân lực có chất lượng cho ngành may
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It is not easy to be one generation ahead of Apple in terms of chip processors.Moreover, with regard to the recent layout of quantitative capital, whether in The Benefits of Using CBD Gummies for Penis Growth the search market or online live streaming, investors were originally not optimistic about Chen Yu s entry into these tracks.
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