Bảo trì dựa trên thời gian (Time Based Maintenance) là phương pháp bảo trì định kỳ các thiết bị hoặc hệ thống dựa trên thời gian sử dụng thiết bị. Phương pháp TBM là một dạng bảo trì thuộc Preventive Maintenance (Bảo trì phòng ngừa) được áp dụng phổ biến trong nhiều ngành công nghiệp, bao gồm cả sản xuất, năng lượng, hóa chất, và tàu thủy.
Khái niệm TBM
Theo phương pháp Bảo trì dựa trên thời gian thực TBM, các thiết bị hoặc hệ thống được thực hiện bảo trì định kỳ mà không cần phải chờ đợi đến khi phát sinh trục trặc hoặc ngừng máy do hỏng hóc. Thông thường, các hoạt động bảo trì được thực hiện theo một lịch trình định kỳ theo khuyến cáo của nhà sản xuất trên cơ sở tính toán hệ số Thời gian trung bình giữa các lần hỏng hóc (Mean Time Between Failure MTBF), bao gồm kiểm tra, bảo dưỡng và thay thế các bộ phận hoặc thiết bị cần thiết.
Phương pháp Bảo trì dựa trên thời gian thực thường được áp dụng trong công tác quản lý bảo trì đối với các thiết bị hoặc hệ thống hao mòn chậm, không được trang bị cảm biến đo lường tình trạng và không dễ dàng thay thế. Trong những trường hợp này, việc thực hiện các hoạt động bảo trì định kỳ theo phương pháp TBM có thể giúp đảm bảo sự hoạt động liên tục của thiết bị và ngăn ngừa các sự cố không đáng có.
Bảo trì theo thời gian thực cũng bao gồm hai loại bảo trì khác là Bảo trì dựa trên lỗi được phát hiện (Failure Finding Maintenance FFM) và Bảo trì dựa trên độ rủi ro (Risk Based Maintenance RBM). Đây là hai phương pháp bảo trì dựa trên việc kiểm tra chi tiết một bộ phận, phụ tùng của thiết bị, từ đó đưa ra đánh giá những nguy cơ hỏng hóc có thể xảy ra cho thiết bị.
2. Một số ví dụ về việc ứng dụng bảo trì dựa trên thời gian TBM
Bảo trì đường ống dẫn dầu khí và khí đốt thường được thực hiện bằng phương pháp Bảo trì dựa trên thời gian (TBM) để xác định thời gian thực hiện các hoạt động bảo dưỡng định kỳ. Tiêu biểu như Công ty dầu khí BP của Vương Quốc Anh. BP đã áp dụng phương pháp TBM để bảo dưỡng đường ống dẫn dầu thô tại một trạm ở vùng biển Bắc Đại Tây Dương. Theo đó, họ đã xác định thời gian thực hiện các hoạt động bảo dưỡng định kỳ, bao gồm kiểm tra đường ống, vệ sinh và sơn lại đường ống nên được thực hiện định kỳ sau mỗi 3 năm vận hành. Sau khi thực hiện các hoạt động bảo dưỡng theo phương pháp TBM, BP đã thu được kết quả tích cực. Thời gian dừng sản xuất do bảo dưỡng đã giảm từ 21 ngày xuống còn 13 ngày, tương đương với mức giảm 38%. Ngoài ra, tổng chi phí bảo dưỡng cũng giảm từ 1,7 triệu đô la Mỹ xuống còn 1,3 triệu đô la Mỹ, tương đương với mức giảm 23,5%.
Một ví dụ khác về việc ứng dụng Bảo trì dựa trên thời gian (TBM) là trong ngành hàng không. Theo đó, các bộ phận quan trọng của máy bay bao gồm động cơ, bộ truyền động, hệ thống điều khiển, hệ thống treo và hệ thống điện luôn được bảo trì và thay thế định kỳ theo thời gian vận hành thực tế, trước khi có bất kỳ sự cố nào phát sinh. Theo một báo cáo của Hiệp hội Hàng không Mỹ (Airlines for America), các hãng hàng không Mỹ đã chi khoảng 7,5 tỷ đô la Mỹ để thực hiện các hoạt động bảo trì theo phương pháp TBM trên các máy bay và động cơ máy bay trong năm 2009. Việc thực hiện các hoạt động bảo trì định kỳ này đã giúp đảm bảo an toàn và tăng độ tin cậy của các máy bay và động cơ, giảm thiểu các rủi ro mất an toàn hàng không và các chi phí bảo trì không đáng có. Ngoài ra, việc áp dụng phương pháp TBM cũng giúp kéo dài tuổi thọ của các máy bay và động cơ, giảm thiểu lượng phế liệu và tác động đến môi trường.
3. Các lợi ích của việc ứng dụng phương pháp bảo trì TBM
Các lợi ích của việc ứng dụng phương pháp Bảo trì dựa trên thời gian thực TBM có thể kể đến bao gồm:
Kế hoạch bảo dưỡng rõ ràng và hiệu quả: Phương pháp TBM cho phép xác định thời điểm thực hiện bảo dưỡng định kỳ của các thiết bị, hệ thống, máy móc, giúp tạo ra kế hoạch bảo dưỡng rõ ràng và hiệu quả. Kế hoạch này giúp đảm bảo an toàn và độ tin cậy của thiết bị, giảm thiểu thời gian dừng sản xuất và giảm thiểu chi phí bảo dưỡng không đáng có.
Nâng cao độ tin cậy và hiệu suất của thiết bị: Việc bảo trì định kỳ giúp phát hiện và khắc phục các lỗi kỹ thuật, hư hỏng trên thiết bị trước khi chúng dẫn đến các sự cố nghiêm trọng, giúp tăng độ tin cậy và hiệu suất của thiết bị.
Tiết kiệm chi phí bảo trì: Phương pháp TBM giúp phát hiện các lỗi kỹ thuật và hư hỏng trên thiết bị sớm, tránh được việc phải thay thế thiết bị hoặc sửa chữa ở mức độ nặng hơn, giúp giảm chi phí bảo trì.
Tăng cường an toàn vận hành: Bảo trì định kỳ giúp đảm bảo an toàn vận hành của thiết bị, hệ thống, máy móc, giảm thiểu nguy cơ tai nạn lao động và sự cố vận hành.
4. Ưu và nhược điểm của bảo trì TBM
Bảo trì dựa trên thời gian (TBM) có nhiều ưu điểm khi được áp dụng vào quản lý bảo trì.
Đầu tiên, việc đào tạo cho các nhiệm vụ dựa trên thời gian tương đối đơn giản và không đòi hỏi đào tạo chuyên sâu.
Thứ hai, so với bảo trì sự cố hoặc khắc phục sự cố (CM), chi phí dài hạn của TBM tương đối thấp.
Thứ ba, TBM dễ thực hiện hơn so với các phương pháp khác như bảo trì dự đoán (PdM) hoặc giám sát dựa trên điều kiện, vì không yêu cầu các cảm biến hoặc thiết bị bổ sung để quyết định khi nào tài sản cần bảo dưỡng.
Thứ tư, lịch trình bảo trì có thể dự đoán được và nhất quán do TBM tuân theo một khoảng thời gian đã định.
Cuối cùng, TBM hiệu quả đối với tài sản chạy liên tục, vì hao mòn của tài sản này dễ dự đoán hơn, cho phép công việc bảo trì được lên lịch định kỳ.
Tuy nhiên, phương pháp Bảo trì dựa trên thời gian (TBM) cũng có một số hạn chế như: Bảo trì TBM sẽ không phản ánh tình trạng thực tế của thiết bị và không đảm bảo việc bảo trì luôn diễn ra vào đúng thời điểm cần thiết.
Trong số trường hợp cần phải bảo dưỡng đặc biệt hoặc không thể dựa trên thời gian để lên kế hoạch bảo dưỡng định kỳ, ví dụ như các thiết bị hoạt động ngoài trời, bị ảnh hưởng bởi môi trường thì việc ứng dụng TBM sẽ không mang lại hiệu quả như mmong muốn.
Do đó, việc lên kế hoạch định kì cần được cân nhắc kỹ lưỡng ngay từ đầu khi ứng dụng TBM để đảm bảo hiệu quả của việc bảo trì. Ngoài ra các giải pháp phần mềm quản lý bảo trì CMMS cũng là một công cụ giúp tối ưu hoá việc lập kế hoạch bảo trì định kì, giúp tăng độ chính xác và hiệu quả cho phương pháp bảo trì TBM.
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The court party is too far away from him, Xu Qi an is not reconciled.I personally prefer He is a member of the Qi Party, so our previous reasoning is correct.
If it is just corruption, the punishment will not be too big, but there will definitely be a group of people who will be expelled from the yamen.Yang Yan, who didn t like to talk, nodded slightly, and said for the first time You are the first to make the case.
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When it comes to understanding the bones and joints of the human body, With his understanding, Du Heng can now be regarded as an expert, and a proficient level expert.It s you I can t say it myself, Who can you blame Du Heng put down the trophy in his hand with a smile, put the two trophies and certificates together, and looked around again with satisfaction, My good secretary, you almost scared me to death with what you did just now.
There is no problem and it is a normal thing. But considering Du Heng s attitude years ago, and looking at his current attitude, this surprised him.Du Heng didn t want to talk nonsense with Gong Daoyang anymore, so he just took it If you have a cotton coat, put it on.
He hesitated and asked, Are you a doctor Yes, I work in the Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Good Friends Hospital.No news is the best news. You are also a master in the operating room, why are you getting confused now No news is the best news.
Du Heng really admires Lan Changhua. The treatment of Chinese medicine is completely different from that of Western medicine.Envy, in addition to envy, also made Du Heng understand more how backward Jinzhou is and how low end the medical level is.
The reason why he only used medicine to raise Qi and generate blood for the first time was because he was afraid of this situation.In December, I My belly gradually grew bigger. At that time, we all thought we were pregnant and ignored her.
The dosage is too heavy and the effect is too strong.The three of them are a bit out of tune with the people in the health center.
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Hoe Where did you hit it Gong Daoyang frowned and pointed to the position of his collarbone.However, at the same time, Du Heng did not take the red wine from Du Xueting s hand.
Du Heng ignored Zhu Fanmin, checked carefully, and then immediately went downstairs to prescribe.Du Heng picked up his things and stood up, Let s go, I ll take you back just in time.
Yes, find a place for him to study when he gets back.It looked like he had been hit by something. Okay, put your trouser legs down.
Orthopedics was completely different from internal medicine.Just submit your needs, and I will help you find the source of the disease.
The doctors, nurses, and policemen from the police station who were brought forward advanced nearly a hundred meters.Even according to the current situation of the health center, it may be empty for 360 days a year after it is completed, but Du Heng feels that it must be there.
Gong Daoyang frowned even more tightly. This was different from what he thought.Once the mystery is solved, he will still have some confidence in the treatment of ovarian cancer.
On October 3, the remaining swelling on the left side dissipated to the size of a thumb.Mr. Wu Zhong smiled and coughed twice. In a loud voice, he looked at Du Heng seriously and asked, Is Nannan really like this in your mind Of course, how could I lie to the old man.
I heard that a very good doctor in pediatrics was forced to change jobs.In just a few strokes, a black thorn branch with crisscrossed branches was cut down.
Brother, this way. Suddenly, an excited voice sounded from the front.The caves and cellars outside the house, the wheat haystacks on the wheat field, the ditches and bumps on both sides of the road, all places.
As Du Heng s voice fell, the people behind him showed different expressions.He also has vomiting and severe burping after eating.
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Among them, rehmannia glutinosa, wolfberry fruit, and ebony are sour, sweet and yin transforming as ministerial herbs.In this regard, if you don t mind, I can help you. Wu Shengnan s father suddenly added.
After a while, the two of them finished reading the report in their hands.Qiu Pingzhen asked with some confusion, Does the director have anything else to do You should know who leaked the patient information, right I know, it should be Dr.
This is a matter of pediatrics. He was transferred to the oncology department so suddenly.When Du Heng s palm pressed against his abdomen, his whole body suddenly became tense.
At that time, Qin Hu felt like five thunders were striking his head.This should have been good news. but hearing it in Du Heng s ears made his face even more gloomy.
How can they like these shabby city women and children So , let alone drinking soup, it is not difficult to smell something.But Qin Hu loves Chen Ruoli so much that he will never let him go, and Chen Ruoli has long been disgusted with this evil young man.
I don t know how many female high school heroes have suffered miscarriages, direct births, fainting, coma, shock, and even death on the spot in the restrooms of obstetrics and gynecology departments.And among the crowd waiting at the door, there were suddenly more and more chattering voices.
When they saw Wu Shengnan in police uniform, they all consciously let go of their hands and started to pull on their friends.The fees here are too expensive.
No, the dean didn t even mention it. It s just the fees charged according to the hospital s standards.
She was annoyed that she had met a family member who was stupid, or the kind of family member whose whole family was full of idiots.This medicine should be able to make up for some technical problems.
As for the rhetoric, it s what I just said. Li Qin thought for a while, then nodded, Okay, if it doesn t conflict with what we want, then we ll just say that we are filming in another place and we will just Embracing Nature's Harmony: The Rise of CBD Edibles for Effective Relief come back.This is really not something that ordinary people can bear, especially an intellectual like Du Heng who is shameless and shameless.
The total was only 4,000 yuan. Of course, such rewards are not without requirements.Although Du Heng had a good idea and was right, it was not the central idea he wanted to express.
Therefore, Jin Juan will be very scared now, She wants to talk to you.Asking him so Finding Relief with CBD Gummies: A Comprehensive Review of Biolyfe Products suddenly now really stumped him. But under Zhuo Mingde s gaze, Du Heng could only say, After the teacher said last time about integrating the group, I also think it is very good.
The old lady stood up in shock and wanted to ask a question, but found that there was no one around her.Du Heng had a bad thought in his mind, and when Lan Changhua hung up the phone, he asked carefully, Professor Lan, what happened Lan Changhua s The Truth About Biolyfe CBD Gummies: Uncovering the User Experience face was a little gloomy.
Du Heng pointed to another recliner next to him and said, Sit down.Although there will be some damage, I can reduce the loss to a minimum by using medicinal baths to remedy it.
At this stage, Du Heng dared to say some words of assurance.Now for this child, this symptom has lasted for four days, and it may be difficult to fully recover.
Moreover, Du Heng s stroking movements looked very powerful, and each stroke made the child s face change with his eyes closed, which made the children s parents very distressed.This is not the end. Before the hospital s celebration was over, the Municipal Health Bureau called Du Heng and asked him to attend an impromptu meeting.
When they said they would work overtime on May Day, they were the ones making the fuss, and they were the ones who wanted to rebel.You haven t said what you are doing yet. Something happened at the third child s house last year, but no one has come to their house in more than half a year.
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Xiao Du, you have made progress again. Li Jianwei suddenly said with emotion.Dean, you should go out more Go around. Secretary Huang interrupted happily, Look, you have found such a wealth of resources in just one day.
Your bag. Throwing Wu Shengnan s bag to her, Du Heng opened his bag and started looking for useful things inside.