Tăng Thông Lượng Throughput: Bí Quyết Tối Ưu Hóa Sản Xuất 2025
Trong bối cảnh cạnh tranh ngày càng khốc liệt của ngành sản xuất tại Việt Nam, việc tăng thông lượng throughput không chỉ là một mục tiêu mà còn là chìa khóa để doanh nghiệp tối ưu hóa hiệu suất, giảm chi phí và gia tăng lợi nhuận. Bài viết sau sẽ chia sẻ những chiến lược thực tiễn, kiến thức chuyên sâu và các phương pháp tiên tiến để bạn có thể nâng cao thông lượng một cách bền vững. Hãy cùng tìm hiểu nhé!
I. Tăng Thông Lượng Throughput Là Gì Và Tại Sao Quan Trọng?
Thông lượng (Throughput) là thước đo tốc độ mà một hệ thống sản xuất tạo ra sản phẩm hoàn thiện trong một khoảng thời gian nhất định. Vậy tăng thông lượng throughput nghĩa là làm thế nào để sản xuất được nhiều sản phẩm hơn trong cùng một khoảng thời gian hoặc giảm thời gian cần thiết để hoàn thành cùng một lượng sản phẩm.
Tại sao điều này quan trọng? Trong sản xuất, thông lượng cao đồng nghĩa với việc bạn có thể đáp ứng nhu cầu thị trường nhanh chóng, giảm tồn kho, tối ưu hóa tài nguyên và cải thiện lợi tức đầu tư (ROI). Từ kinh nghiệm thực tế, tôi nhận thấy rằng các doanh nghiệp tập trung vào tăng thông lượng thường đạt được lợi thế cạnh tranh vượt trội, đặc biệt trong các ngành công nghiệp đòi hỏi tốc độ như may mặc, điện tử hay thực phẩm.
II. Những Thách Thức Khi Tăng Thông Lượng Throughput
Trước khi đi vào các giải pháp, chúng ta cần hiểu rõ những “rào cản” phổ biến mà tôi đã gặp trong suốt sự nghiệp khi hỗ trợ các nhà máy tối ưu hóa thông lượng:
1. Điểm Nghẽn Tàng Ẩn Trong Quy Trình
Điểm nghẽn (bottlenecks) không phải lúc nào cũng dễ phát hiện. Ví dụ, một công đoạn tưởng chừng nhỏ như kiểm tra chất lượng có thể làm chậm toàn bộ dây chuyền nếu không được tối ưu.
2. Thiếu Dữ Liệu Thời Gian Thực
Nhiều nhà máy vẫn dựa vào báo cáo thủ công, dẫn đến việc không thể phản ứng kịp thời khi thông lượng giảm đột ngột.
3. Quá Tải Tài Nguyên
Khi cố gắng tăng thông lượng bằng cách đẩy nhanh tốc độ, máy móc và nhân viên có thể bị quá tải, gây ra hỏng hóc hoặc sai sót.
III. Các Chiến Lược Tiên Tiến Để Tăng Thông Lượng Throughput
Dựa trên kinh nghiệm thực chiến và những tiến bộ công nghệ mới nhất, tôi xin chia sẻ các chiến lược hiệu quả để tăng thông lượng throughput trong sản xuất:
1. Áp Dụng Phương Pháp Lean Và Kaizen
Lean (sản xuất tinh gọn) và Kaizen (cải tiến liên tục) là hai triết lý mà tôi đã áp dụng thành công tại nhiều nhà máy. Lean giúp loại bỏ lãng phí như thời gian chờ, tồn kho dư thừa hay các công đoạn không tạo giá trị. Trong khi đó, Kaizen khuyến khích nhân viên đóng góp ý tưởng cải tiến nhỏ nhưng liên tục. Ví dụ, một nhà máy lắp ráp điện tử tại Việt Nam đã tăng thông lượng lên 25% chỉ bằng cách sắp xếp lại vị trí công cụ để giảm thời gian di chuyển của công nhân.
2. Tối Ưu Hóa Điểm Nghẽn Với Lý Thuyết Ràng Buộc (TOC)
Theo Theory of Constraints (TOC), để tăng thông lượng throughput, bạn cần tập trung vào “mắt xích yếu nhất”. Hãy xác định điểm nghẽn chính (có thể là một máy móc chậm hoặc một công đoạn phức tạp), sau đó tối ưu hóa nó bằng cách tăng công suất, giảm thời gian xử lý hoặc phân bổ thêm tài nguyên. Tôi từng hỗ trợ một nhà máy giấy tăng thông lượng từ 50 tấn/ngày lên 70 tấn/ngày chỉ bằng cách điều chỉnh tốc độ máy cắt – điểm nghẽn lớn nhất của họ.
3. Sử Dụng Phân Tích Dữ Liệu Lớn (Big Data)
Trong kỷ nguyên 4.0, dữ liệu là “vàng”. Phân tích dữ liệu lớn từ các cảm biến IoT trên dây chuyền sản xuất có thể dự đoán xu hướng thông lượng và phát hiện bất thường trước khi chúng xảy ra. Chẳng hạn, nếu dữ liệu cho thấy một máy dệt có xu hướng giảm tốc độ sau 100 giờ hoạt động, bạn có thể lên lịch bảo trì trước, tránh gián đoạn sản xuất.
4. Tự Động Hóa Các Công Đoạn Lặp Lại
Tự động hóa không chỉ tăng tốc độ mà còn giảm sai sót. Ví dụ, thay vì để công nhân kiểm tra thủ công từng sản phẩm, bạn có thể sử dụng máy quét tự động để kiểm tra chất lượng, vừa nhanh vừa chính xác. Một nhà máy thực phẩm mà tôi từng tư vấn đã tăng thông lượng lên 40% nhờ tích hợp robot đóng gói.
IV. Công Thức Đo Lường Và Đánh Giá Hiệu Quả Tăng Thông Lượng
Để biết liệu các nỗ lực tăng thông lượng throughput của bạn có thành công hay không, bạn cần đo lường chính xác. Công thức cơ bản vẫn là:
Thông lượng (T) = Tổng số sản phẩm hoàn thiện (I) / Tổng thời gian sản xuất (F)
I: Số lượng sản phẩm được sản xuất trong một khoảng thời gian.
F: Thời gian từ khi bắt đầu đến khi kết thúc quá trình sản xuất.
Ví dụ thực tế: Một nhà máy sản xuất giày hoàn thành 500 đôi giày trong 10 giờ. Thông lượng ban đầu là 50 đôi/giờ. Sau khi tối ưu hóa bằng cách giảm thời gian chờ giữa các công đoạn, họ hoàn thành 500 đôi trong 8 giờ, tăng thông lượng lên 62,5 đôi/giờ – cải thiện 25%.
Ngoài ra, bạn cũng nên theo dõi Tỷ lệ thông lượng tối đa (Throughput Yield), được tính bằng cách nhân tỷ lệ sản phẩm đạt chất lượng ở mỗi công đoạn. Nếu mỗi công đoạn có tỷ lệ lỗi 5%, thông lượng tối đa sẽ giảm đáng kể qua nhiều bước.
V. Vai Trò Của Công Nghệ Trong Việc Tăng Thông Lượng Throughput
Công nghệ hiện đại đóng vai trò then chốt trong việc nâng cao thông lượng. Dưới đây là những ứng dụng mà tôi đánh giá cao từ kinh nghiệm thực tế:
1. Hệ Thống MES (Manufacturing Execution System)
MES cung cấp khả năng giám sát toàn diện, từ quản lý đơn hàng, theo dõi tiến độ đến phân tích hiệu suất máy móc. Một hệ thống MES tốt có thể giảm tới 30% thời gian ngừng hoạt động không kế hoạch, từ đó tăng thông lượng đáng kể.
2. AI Và Machine Learning
Trí tuệ nhân tạo (AI) có thể dự đoán thời điểm máy móc cần bảo trì hoặc đề xuất cách sắp xếp lịch sản xuất tối ưu. Tôi từng chứng kiến một nhà máy ô tô sử dụng AI để giảm 15% thời gian chuyển đổi sản phẩm giữa các dòng xe, giúp tăng thông lượng lên 18%.
3. IoT Và Cảm Biến Thông Minh
Cảm biến IoT thu thập dữ liệu từ từng máy móc, giúp bạn biết chính xác tốc độ sản xuất, thời gian ngừng máy và các yếu tố khác ảnh hưởng đến thông lượng. Điều này đặc biệt hữu ích trong các ngành sản xuất liên tục như hóa chất hay thép.
VI. MES SmartTrack – Giải Pháp Tăng Thông Lượng Tại Việt Nam
Nói đến công nghệ hỗ trợ tăng thông lượng throughput, tôi không thể không nhắc đến MES SmartTrack – giải pháp giám sát sản xuất do Vietsoft phát triển. Với khả năng tích hợp IoT, phân tích dữ liệu thời gian thực và giao diện thân thiện, MES SmartTrack đã giúp hàng loạt doanh nghiệp Việt Nam cải thiện thông lượng một cách ấn tượng.
Ví dụ, một nhà máy dệt may tại Đồng Nai sử dụng MES SmartTrack để theo dõi hiệu suất từng máy dệt. Nhờ phát hiện sớm các máy có tốc độ chậm, họ đã tăng thông lượng từ 100 cuộn vải/ngày lên 130 cuộn/ngày chỉ trong 2 tháng. Điều đặc biệt là giải pháp này được thiết kế phù hợp với đặc thù sản xuất tại Việt Nam, từ chi phí hợp lý đến khả năng tùy chỉnh cao.
Bạn tò mò MES SmartTrack có thể giúp nhà máy của bạn như thế nào?
Hoặc liên hệ để nhận tư vấn theo hotline: 0986778578 hoặc email sales@vietsoft.com.vn
VII. Lợi Ích Thực Tiễn Khi Tăng Thông Lượng Throughput
Khi bạn thành công trong việc tăng thông lượng throughput, những lợi ích sau sẽ xuất hiện:
1.Tăng Năng Suất: Sản xuất nhiều hơn trong thời gian ngắn hơn, đáp ứng nhu cầu thị trường nhanh chóng.
2.Giảm Chi Phí Vận Hành: Tối ưu hóa tài nguyên giúp tiết kiệm nguyên liệu, năng lượng và nhân công.
3.Cải Thiện Chất Lượng Dịch Vụ: Giao hàng đúng hạn, tăng sự hài lòng của khách hàng.
4.Tăng Khả Năng Cạnh Tranh: Doanh nghiệp của bạn sẽ nổi bật hơn so với đối thủ nhờ hiệu suất vượt trội.
VIII. Kết Luận
Tăng thông lượng throughput không chỉ là một kỹ thuật mà là cả một nghệ thuật trong quản lý sản xuất. Từ việc áp dụng Lean, TOC, đến tích hợp công nghệ hiện đại như MES SmartTrack, tất cả đều hướng đến mục tiêu giúp doanh nghiệp của bạn hoạt động hiệu quả hơn, cạnh tranh mạnh mẽ hơn. Hãy bắt đầu bằng cách đánh giá thông lượng hiện tại của bạn và thử nghiệm một trong những chiến lược mà tôi đã chia sẻ.
Nếu bạn cần một giải pháp toàn diện để nâng cao thông lượng, đừng bỏ lỡ MES SmartTrack từ Vietsoft – công cụ đã được kiểm chứng bởi hàng trăm nhà máy tại Việt Nam. Chúc bạn thành công trong hành trình tối ưu hóa sản xuất!
Especially the older ones. Some of them have a clearer attitude.She looks very delicate and has a strong aura. Hearing the voice behind her, she just turned her head and nodded to An Chunhui, then continued to look back at the old man on the bed.
Yi Zong Jin Jian records that typhoid fever occurs in the winter months, with profuse sweating and heat, mild abdominal pain, and the waist should not be bent down.But before that, he still had to determine two issues.
Xiao Du, are you at home You re getting ready to go home.After more than half a month of treatment, , Now I can stand up and stand for a while, but I can t walk yet.
After Du Heng finished acupuncture and moxibustion on the man, he left Wang Lili to apply plaster on the patient, got up, straightened her white coat, and walked out calmly.I thought he was sleeping normally. But think about it, is there any normal person who goes to bed after 11 o clock in the morning Go to sleep.
But the two of them didn t say anything, they just frowned and thought.Oh, you didn t tell me in advance. I didn t light the fire.
The patient s condition is progressing too fast, and I can t wait any longer.He was a little tired today, Okay, either read a book or go to bed.
Why do you still use metal, wood, water, fire, and earth Pei Jihua felt that if he had not experienced Du Heng s strength and understood some actual situations today, he might have gotten up and left when he heard about the metal, wood, water, fire, and earth.Xu Pinglin said a little regretfully, Then it is useless It s almost the same, it is sold in pharmacies now.
Immediately, his eyes stopped wandering and he followed the two of them to the inner room.Yu Haiting thought for a moment and nodded, Okay, Dean, you can make a prescription.
We will need injections later. The inpatient department of the health center does not have a dedicated nurse station, so they just use a ward nurse to change.But this 600 yuan can already guarantee the daily expenses of a rural family, and it is still a relatively wealthy life.
And every day The little lactulose he drank for the first time could only make him 1.Measuring blood pressure and measuring pulse are basic operations.
I didn t study seriously, and I didn t integrate what I learned.In his arms, You are not my first love, but you are my first man.
That s it, Sister Zhen, please inform them that I will give them two choices, either let the township government take away their files next month, or come back to work next week.At this time, Du Heng, as a doctor, also felt a deep sense of powerlessness.
Yes, it s him, his son is one month old today, Treat me to a full moon wine.So he was left with two choices, either to resign and open his own clinic.
Whether they can be found depends on luck. Wu Buwei was a little embarrassed to be given such a secret pointer by Du Heng.It was all ordinary medicinal materials. If you put it in the health center, it would cost 500 to last.
Without a reputation, who would be willing to come to your door to see a doctor But no one came to see the doctor, so it would be a fool s errand to become famous.Wu Buwei has made rapid progress in recent days. When he saw Du Heng doing bloodletting, he had already picked up cotton swabs and was waiting beside him.
Now he is really proud. Xiao Heng, I heard that Du Yihai came to invite you Yes, I was at work the day before yesterday, and he came right in.The decoction this time is different from yesterday s decoction.
But looking at Du Heng s confused eyes, as an experienced drinker, she knew that this man was probably drunk.I m going to get the medicine now. Du Heng was about to walk out after saying that, but unexpectedly bumped into Wu Buwei, who was rushing in with sweat on his face.
Du Heng s eyes suddenly lit up. Yes, there are village doctors in each village.Du Heng looked at the old man s condition and estimated that he had been ill for no less than thirty or forty years and could definitely be called a serious illness.
He knocked on the table four times, and his whole forehead was now covered with bulging green bumps.Wu Buwei was punished by Du Heng last week and became more attentive and careful, so Du Heng was relatively relieved.
He glanced at his wife and said, She practices yoga for more than half an hour every time.By the time they were discovered, they were all in the middle and late stages.
The leader was confused, and so was Du Heng. Without any extra thoughts, two mini trucks came right after.But there was no effect. The reasons for this situation are just the following.
gourmet food This can be done. But how much does it cost, and you can t eat it every day or all the time.He didn t speak, but his meaning was clear, come on, I m going to beat you to death.
Although other people on top of the tomb were also panicked, they still found that the person was alive, not dead, and not a fake corpse.
To put it simply, this is a bad guy with no principles.He leaned on his chair and wanted to squint for a while, but he didn t want to fall asleep again.
Du Heng thought it was a big deal, so he immediately told the whole story in detail.For such a generous customer like Du Heng, 85, this set, and this set, and that set over there, each one according to my girlfriend s figure.
As soon as I left the ward, I met Lao Song at the entrance of the corridor.Dean, I m just going to see you. What s the matter Please help me see a patient.
So when you put it at home, it really becomes a collection.He knew that this problem would be known to others sooner or later, so he started to prepare early.
However, they were only responsible for basic salary expenditures, fixed water and electricity bills, and reissue of basic medicines.Du Heng and the others each use a set of needles for each person.
He rushed a little, calmed down a little, and said, His hemiplegia was not caused by a stroke of his own.So when Lu Zhongjiang and the two walked out, he didn t stand up, but lowered his head and didn t know what he was thinking.
It looks like a fever, but it is actually a cold. Yes, let s prescribe a prescription.Don t talk nonsense. Come on, get out of here and make room for the people behind you.
Du Heng used chopsticks He tapped the table lightly, In short, there is no fixed method for analyzing specific diseases.Now that there is such an upright reason, why can t Li Qingde catch it and slap him in the face After all, he is a leader.
Fortunately, there was nothing wrong with the patient and he was one of our own, so we let the matter go.I went to the pulmonary hospital on Friday and didn t get checked.
Yes, yes, training. As long as you perform well, you can stay and work in the first province.She felt that she was not pushing the wheelchair, but that the wheelchair was supporting her and preventing her from falling.
But he actually liked it inexplicably. This kind of hearty swearing and insulting was something he had never experienced before.body, looking at the red taillights in front. I didn t call her, she came by herself.
What the thick glasses doctor said was reasonable, and it sounded very similar.Could it be that the less cloth, the more valuable it is But she still said, It s okay, I bought it for you.
Du Heng had no choice but to drink it. There was no feeling of alcohol rising up and reaching Tianling Cap, but a warm current flowing down my throat.The 7 brigades that have completed the investigation have a permanent population of more than 5,000 people at home, and more than 2,000 people have come to check.
The combination of the three can cure chronic diseases and rejuvenate.Thank you for your hard work. Du Heng picked up the cup and thanked Wang Shuqiu beside him with a smile.
After that, I will go to a few factories in the township to make some luck.Come out and have a look. Sorry, I just met Uncle Su from the Third Hospital of Shanghai.
He waved to Du Heng at the door and went directly upstairs.The hostess is very charming, but she is also really polite.
You are dishonest. He showed the contents of his phone to Li Jun.The rescuers have withdrawn, leaving only the villagers cleaning their yards without walls.
The woman was from another village. Du Heng looked familiar but couldn t pronounce her name.But he wanted to see if his brother was at peace with himself and could accept forcing his sister to be a brother supporting demon.
Although people look young and are unlikely to come up with any useful solutions, young people s brains can always provide them with some ideas.Tell me, what s going on You re so annoying. If you re okay, I ll go back.
Regardless of the dignity of her elders or her own politeness as a junior, she pointed at her uncle and aunt s noses and started spraying.
Feng. It is normal for nurses to come to the ward more.Then when will you give it to her When the discharged pus and blood turns pale in color and the amount is not very large, you can start medicated bathing, but medicated bathing You must control the dosage of the medicine.
Son, why don t you know anyone here Wang Shuqiu s father was a little panicked and looked at Du Heng nervously.Yue cover research Yan Di sincere report between benefit bit cut Research Feng Li barrier art swelling Li wrinkles pity research mood win emotion Ping Shu trace Category leak Encounter.
How can they like these shabby city women and children So , let alone drinking soup, it is not difficult to smell something.But now I no longer wanted to continue looking at the scenery, so I turned back and called Qiu Pingzhen and other leaders of the hospital.
The mother herself refused to undergo an autopsy, so I worked for the family members and asked them to agree to sign.He suddenly doesn t want to work and wants to take my Ph.
He himself cannot deduce the problem of his illness.The same logic applies to Zhang Dewen s students. Just because he has a good teacher, this teacher is an expert in the inheritance studio of a famous old Chinese medicine doctor in Dongshan, a nationally famous old Chinese medicine doctor, and a master of traditional Chinese medicine.
But who knows, the crowd suddenly retreated, and before he could react, the woman was hit.What do you want to prepare Du Heng was quite curious about this.
Du Heng took a skewer and handed it to Wei Kaida, Now, if you two take good care of your health and get married quickly, the four old people will definitely have no problem.Let me check your pulse. Du Heng started the next step directly, not wanting to waste any more time.
Right now, the relationship between him and Li Jianwei is still teacher and student.Du Heng nodded and agreed. Although he felt that this matter was troublesome, he didn t say anything else.
This scene made his heart shrink severely. But before he had time to think about it, a burst of wanton wails suddenly came from two steps away, making him tremble.But I m not here, I m in another place. Hehe, this is a good method.
Haha, since you agree, let s talk about the second point.On the way home, Du Heng kept thinking about this matter.
Things in the hospital had to be put on the agenda now.Some people call him Du Ban Shen. Has he really come to the capital Listening to the happy and excited voice on the other side, Du Xueting grinned in embarrassment, resentment towards Du Heng welling up in her heart.
concentrate on treating the patient, do you think it s okay Du Heng was immediately overjoyed, Okay, why not You have a teacher to help me, why should I worry I should thank the teacher.At this time, he was even more confident when he saw Du Heng.
But as soon as you drink water, you have to pee within a few minutes.In this regard, if you don t mind, I can help you. Wu Shengnan s father suddenly added.
As soon as these words came out, Mei Dong and the female doctor immediately showed their faces.You know, this child has experienced abnormal muscle tone and convulsions for four days, which puts the child s muscles and meridians in a state of tension.
Half a year later, he suddenly announced that he could complete the direct surgery for cavernous sinus failure , which directly pushed that guy to the position of genius in neurosurgery.That s good. Dean. Just as Du Heng finished speaking, Kang Zhirong, who was replying to the message, suddenly shouted made a sound.
The vitality will heal with one dose. Then take two or three days to replenish it, and the body will naturally return to normal.Lao Du. Wu Shengnan was frightened and shouted involuntarily.
Zhang, don t mind. Hehe, Once again, I returned Zhang Dewen s words, feeling comfortable.Qiu Pingzhen was a little surprised. Glancing at Du Heng, he knew that Du Heng was the external deputy director of the First Provincial Hospital, but he didn t expect that Du Heng hadn t been invited by the First Municipal Hospital for critical illness consultation.
If he was left in a vegetative state again or permanently paralyzed, he felt that he would never dare to do first aid in his life.She seemed to understand, but she just understood that no matter how nice you Du Heng said it, my son was mentally ill.
As long as you are not psychopathic, you can definitely become the best in other industries.Wei s suddenly stretched out finger and immediately turned cold.
Don t tell me, Du Heng s black face is really scary.
Three months ago, his father died of illness. Qin Hu ascended the throne and became the new champion prince.And he also wanted Du Heng to help see if Cao Binghe could be cured.
The effect is Very nice. The implementation of the Provincial Yiyun Hospital was started by Du Heng, and now the results are remarkable.Du Heng watched Li Jianwei s hand keep rubbing against the certificate, and wanted to shout stop in distress, but I was embarrassed to say it, so I could only look at Li Jianwei s hands and say, What does the teacher want to do Let you join the provincial expert database and the director of the provincial Chinese Medicine Association.
Moreover, Director Zheng of the hospital office took the scriptures from Feng Su and learned some professional techniques.Moreover, they have become much more enthusiastic and will proactively come forward to help patients who come to see the doctor, taking on part of the functions of the guidance desk.
In Jinzhou, as long as he is a doctor, it only takes a matter of minutes for him to understand.
The speed of the car slowly increased. After all, Zhao Bin couldn t hold on to the car door and let go, and finally watched the van go away helplessly.Du Heng immediately told the patient the possible consequences, and then continued, You can make money at any time, even if it is a month late, it will not kill you.
Do you miss the days when Xiao Wu was around Du Heng slowly sat up straight, and slowly straightened his waist.It recorded the patient s symptoms and multiple rescue procedures in detail.
In this industry, one must live and learn. Following Du Xueting s gaze, everyone focused their attention on Du Heng.Du Heng looked through the information in his hand again, leaning on the sofa alone in a daze.
Hey, it s better to rely on yourself than to rely on others.Unlike tertiary hospitals like Provincial No. 1, which have many people and are highly competitive, they are all talented people.
Moreover, his current idea of medication is to continue working in this direction.By coincidence, she also came to see me. Du Heng smiled and said, She was saved with the Poge Jiuxin Decoction.
But dad was very manly that day and told those two people directly that he didn t.And the list of your medical appointments will only be seen by us doctors, not others.
Although he had never used it, he was very confident.During the treatment process, Yang Yuansheng gradually began to eat less and suffer from abdominal distension.
When he was about to hang up, Du Heng suddenly stopped him, Xiao Gu, you can be my assistant for a day tomorrow.I have a son, and I have to take him for a physical examination every year.
An Chunhui was a little confused. He had said it well when he went upstairs, but why did Du Heng shrink back now that he had the opportunity Is it possible that this guy is too soft skinned to open his mouth An Chunhui mentally found a reason for Du Heng, and felt that this was really what happened, so he immediately felt that he should help him.
Although there are no smiling faces, his attitude is much better.Although the threshold for these two jobs is low and the income is relatively high, in the case of Zhao Xinfang, Du Heng and Wang Shuqiu That s not the case.
It wasn t until Du Heng urged him again that he hurriedly said, Teacher Du, wait a minute.This made Du Heng think highly of the woman You Fang even more.
It is summer again, and the hepatitis A virus can be carried and spread by flies.He even thought that the system could count the tumors because the medicine had effectively controlled the spread of the tumors and was thus counted.
It s just that one hurts the stomach and the other hurts the spirit.The stick was as thick as a thumb. He bit off the excess paper with his teeth, took a lighter and puffed hard twice.
The bureau has a strict policy on community clinics under its jurisdiction.See you tomorrow. After seeing Lu Zhongjiang off, Du Heng waited for Wang Shuqiu to arrive, and then went to the cafeteria to eat together.
If you drive your own car and run over your own son, you would be crazy if you don t die.At this rate, he could complete a set of system tasks in up to three months.
But these two people were completely worried about gains and losses, and were too hesitant.
