Bố trí sản xuất là gì? Vai trò và các nguyên tắc trong việc bố trí sản xuất
Bố trí sản xuất trong doanh nghiệp là việc tổ chức, sắp xếp, định dạng về mặt không gian các phương tiện dùng để sản xuất ra sản phẩm.
1. Định nghĩaBố trí sản xuất
Bố trí sản xuất trong doanh nghiệp là việc tổ chức, sắp xếp, định dạng về mặt không gian các phương tiện dùng để sản xuất ra sản phẩm.
Bố trí sản xuất trong doanh nghiệp là quá trình lập kế hoạch sắp xếp tối ưu các tiện ích bao gồm: nhân sự, trang thiết bị, không gian lưu trữ, máy móc, nguyên vật liệu và tất cả các dịch vụ hỗ trợ khác.
Kết quả của việc bố trí sản xuất là hình thành nơi làm việc, các phân xưởng, các bộ phận phục vụ sản xuất và dây chuyền sản xuất.
2. Vai trò của bố trí sản xuất trong doanh nghiệp
– Bố trí sản xuất có vai trò quan trọng trong doanh nghiệp. Bố trí sản xuất vừa ảnh hưởng trực tiếp đến hoạt động hàng ngày, vừa có tác động lâu dài trong quá trình phát triển kinh doanh của doanh nghiệp. Cụ thể như sau:
+ Tạo thuận lợi cho quá trình sản xuất
+ Sử dụng hiệu quả nhân sự, trang thiết bị và không gian sản xuất
+ Cung cấp cho người lao động sự an toàn, thoải mái và thuận tiện
+ Giảm chi phí đầu tư thiết bị
+ Giảm tổng thời gian sản xuất, từ đó nâng cao năng suất sản xuất
+ Duy trì doanh thu cao, duy trì tính linh hoạt của cơ cấu tổ chức
3. Những nguyên tắc trong việc bố trí sản xuất
(1) Nguyên tắc kết hợp: Cách bố trí tốt là sự kết hợp giữa người, vật liệu, máy móc và các dịch vụ hỗ trợ khác để sử dụng tối ưu các nguồn lực và đạt được hiệu quả tối đa.
(2) Nguyên tắc về khoảng cách tối thiểu: Nguyên tắc này liên quan đến việc đi lại di chuyển tối thiểu của người và nguyên vật liệu, các nhà máy sản xuất phải được bố trí theo cách mà tổng số khoảng cách giữa người và nguyên vật liệu càng ngắn càng tốt.
(3) Nguyên tắc về sử dụng không gian: Một nhà máy được bố trí tốt là nhà máy mà sử dụng hợp lí không gian theo ba chiều: ngang, dọc và cả chiều cao của nhà máy.
(4) Nguyên tắc dòng chảy: Một nhà máy bố trí tốt là hướng chảy của vật liệu phải được di chuyển từ nơi chứa vật liệu đến nơi hoàn thành, tức là không được có bất kì một sự quay ngược lại nào.
(5) Nguyên tắc an toàn, an ninh và hài lòng: một cách bố trí tốt là cách mà cung cấp cho người lao động sự an toàn, sự hài lòng và biện pháp an toàn chống lại trộm cắp, hỏa hoạn, tai nạn…
(6) Nguyên tắc xử lí tối thiểu: Cách bố trí tốt là cách mà giảm được tối đa việc xử lí nguyên vật liệu, góp phần giảm thời gian phụ khi sản xuất.
(Tài liệu tham khảo: Giáo trình Quản trị sản xuất và chất lượng, NXB Đại học Quốc gia TP. Hồ Chí Minh – Nguồn: vietnambiz.vn)
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